Fig 5.

RIG-I controls NF-κB pathway activation upon TGEV infection in apical-out porcine intestinal organoids. (A) Apical-out organoids were infected with TGEV followed by Cyclo (1 mM) treatment for 48 h, then RIG-I, P-P65, total P65, cytoplasmic P65, nuclear P65, IκBα, and TGEV N were detected by Western blotting. (B) The density ratios of RIG-I, P-P65, total P65, cytoplasmic P65, nuclear P65, and IκBα were calculated using ImageJ. (C) Apical-out organoids were infected with TGEV followed by Cyclo (1 mM) treatment for 48 h, and then the organoids were stained with TGEV N, P65, and RIG-I and analyzed by confocal microscopy; scale bar: 5 µm. Results are presented as mean ± SD of data from three independent experiments ***, P ≤ 0.001; ns, not significant, determined by two-tailed Student’s t test.