TABLE 2.
Direct impact of cannabinoids on pathogensa
| Treatment type | Bacterial infection type | Effect on infections | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Δ9-THC, CBD | Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus milleri, and Streptococcus faecalis | Antibacterial activity | (116) |
| CBCA, CBD, CBC, CBG, and Δ9-THC | S. aureus | Antibacterial activity | (118) |
| CBD, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, α-terpinolene, and β-caryophyllene | Listeria and Enterococcus | Antibacterial activity | (117) |
| CBD | Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Clostridioides difficile | Antibacterial activity, activity against biofilms | (120) |
| CBCA | Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) | Bactericidal activity mediated by degrading bacterial membranes and altering the nucleoid | (119) |
| CBD | Staphylococcus species, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis | Enhancing bacitracin’s efficacy | (121) |
| CBD, Δ9-THC, and CBN | Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) | Antibiotic activity, particularly in conjunction with methicillin | (122) |
| CBD | E. coli | Synergistic activities with erythromycin, rifampicin, and vancomycin | (123) |
| CBD | Salmonella Typhimurium | Synergistic activities with ampicillin, kanamycin, and polymyxin B | (124) |
| CBD | Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Legionella pneumophila | Antibacterial activity | (120) |
| CBD | S. aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach | Synergistic activities with kanamycin | (123) |
| CBD | Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii | Synergistic activities with polymyxin B | (125) |
| HU-210 | Vibrio harveyi | Negative impact on AI-2 QS, reduced QS-mediated biofilm formation and swimming motility | (126) |
| CBG | Streptococcus mutans | Anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities, negative impact on quorum sensing | (127) |
| CBD | E. coli | Inhibition of the release of membrane vesicles from bacteria | (123) |
a
Δ9-THC, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol; CBC, cannabichromene; CBD, cannabidiol; CBCA, cannabichromenic acid; CBG, cannabigerol; CBN, cannabinol.