TABLE 3.
Effects of phytocannabinoids, cannabinoids, and cannabinoid receptor agonists on bacterial infections
| Treatment type | Bacterial infection type | Effect on infections | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Δ9-THC | Legionella pneumophila infection | Fatal acute collapse, cytokine-mediated shock-like response with elevated TNF-α and IL-6; shift from Th1 to Th2 immunity, modulation involving CB1R and CB2R, influence on cytokine production | (135, 136) |
| Δ9-THC, marijuana extract | Listeria monocytogenes infection | Immunosuppressive effects, decreasing host resistance | (137) |
| CBD, CBN, Δ9-THC | Oral pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Filifactor alocis, Treponema denticola) | Suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokines, compromised cell viability | (138) |
| HU-211 | Experimental pneumococcal meningitis (Streptococcus pneumoniae) | Reduction in brain edema and blood-brain barrier impairment | (139) |
| Elevated 2-AG levels | Escherichia coli, Citrobacter rodentium, Salmonella enterica | Improved phagocytosis, increased survival rates | (141) |
| 2-AG supplementation | Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus | Supernatant from 2-AG-stimulated neutrophils inhibited bacterial growth | (143) |
| SR141716A (CB1R antagonist) | Brucella suis within macrophages | Inhibition of Brucella multiplication, activation of macrophages | (146) |
| JWH133 (CB2R agonist) | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced bacterial load, improved clinical outcomes | (144) |
| CBD | Topical skin Staphylococcus aureus infection model | Effective in vivo efficacy, limited systemic activity | (120) |
| WIN 55,212-2 (CB2R and CB1R agonist) | Staphylococcus aureus-induced emesis in house musk shrew | Mitigation of SEA-induced emesis, reduction in 5-HT release in the intestine | (145) |
| Cannabis use | Helicobacter pylori infection | Decreased risk of H. pylori, potential association with reduced risk | (147) |