TABLE 5.
In vitro susceptibilities of eumycetoma causative agents as determined by the CLSI methodology
| Itraconazole | Ravuconazole | Posaconazole | Voriconazole | Terbinafine | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species | Occurrence | N | MIC90 (μg/ml)a | Range (μg/ml) | Ref | N | MIC90 (μg/ml)a | Range (μg/ml) | Ref | N | MIC90 (μg/ml)a | Range | Ref | N | MIC90 (μg/ml)a | Range (μg/ml) | Ref | N | MIC90 (μg/ml)a | Range (μg/ml) | Ref |
| Madurella mycetomatis | C | 131 | 0.25 | <0.008–1 | (246) | 131 | 0.032 | <0.002–0.125 | (246) | 34 | 0.064 | <0.03–0.125 | (240) | 34 | 0.25 | <0.016–0.5 | (242) | 34 | 16 | 2–> 16 | (240) |
| Falciformispora senegalensis | O | 6 | 1 | 0.03–1 | (235) | 6 | 0.25 | 0.064–0.25 | (247) | 4 | 0.125 | 0.03–1 | (235) | 4 | 0.25 | 0.25 | (235) | 3 | 0.25 | 0.125–0.25 | (235) |
| Trematosphaeria grisea | O | 11 | 4 | 0.125–4 | (235) | 4 | 8 | 0.125–8 | (247) | 3 | 0.25 | 0.016–0.25 | (235) | 3 | 0.25 | 0.125–0.25 | (235) | ||||
| Scedosporium boydii | O | 39 | >4 | >4 | (248) | 30 | 4 | 0.5–16 | (249) | 48 | 2 | 0.125–16 | (250) | 39 | 1 | 0.125–16 | (248) | 30 | >16 | >16 | (249) |
| Medicopsis romeroi | O/R | 23 | >8 | 1- > 8 | (95, 235) | 6 | 1 | 0.25–1 | (247) | 5 | 1 | 0.25–1 | 23 | 0.5 | 0.125–0.5 | (95, 235) | |||||
| Acremonium blochii | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Acremonium sclerotigenum | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amesia atrobrunnea | R | 4 | 0.07 | 0.04–0.07 | (251) | 7 | 0.25 | 0.06–0.25 | (251) | 7 | 0.5 | 0.125–0.5 | (251) | ||||||||
| Aspergillus candidus | R | 3 | 0.25 | 0.03–0.25 | (252) | 3 | 1 | 0.05–1 | (252) | ||||||||||||
| Aspergillus flavus | R | 175 | 1 | 0.125–1 | (250) | 13 | 1 | 0.125–1 | (253) | 175 | 0.5 | 0.06–1 | (250) | 175 | 1 | 0.125–2 | (250) | ||||
| Aspergillus fumigatus | R | 1,263 | 1 | 0.125- > 8 | (250) | 114 | 0.5 | 0.25–4 | (253) | 1,263 | 0.5 | 0.03–4 | (250) | 1,263 | 0.5 | 0.06- > 8 | (250) | 82 | 2 | 0.05–4 | (254) |
| Aspergillus nidulans | R | 38 | 1 | 0.125–1 | (250) | 38 | 0.5 | 0.125–0.5 | (250) | 38 | 0.25 | 0.03–0.5 | (250) | ||||||||
| Aspergillus niger | R | 174 | 2 | 0.125–4 | (250) | 22 | 2 | 0.5–4 | (253) | 174 | 1 | 0.06–1 | (250) | 174 | 1 | 0.03–2 | (250) | ||||
| Aspergillus sydowii | R | 23 | 2 | 0.5–2 | (250) | 9 | 2 | 0.125–2 | (253) | 23 | 1 | 0.25–1 | (250) | 23 | 1 | 0.06–2 | (250) | ||||
| Aspergillus terreus | R | 75 | 1 | 0.125–1 | (250) | 8 | 0.5 | 0.25–0.5 | (253) | 75 | 0.5 | 0.125–1 | (250) | 75 | 0.5 | 0.125–2 | (250) | ||||
| Aspergillus ustus | R | 11 | 4 | 2–4 | (255) | 3 | 1 | 0.25–1 | (256) | 3 | 16 | 4–16 | (256) | 11 | 8 | 0.25–8 | (255) | 11 | 0.5 | 0.06–5 | (255) |
| Cladophialophora bantiana | R | 37 | 0.125 | <0.016–0.25 | (257) | 37 | 0.125 | <0.016–0.125 | (257) | 37 | 2 | 0.125–4 | (257) | ||||||||
| Cladophialophora mycetomatis | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cladosporium ramotellenum | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Corynespora cassiicola | R | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0.25 | 0.25 | (258) | ||||||||||
| Curvularia geniculata | R | 14 | 0.25 | 0.06–1 | (259) | 14 | 0.25 | <0.03–0.5 | (259) | 14 | 1 | 0.125–4 | (259) | ||||||||
| Curvularia lunata | R | 10 | 0.25 | 0.125– > 16 | (259) | 10 | 0.25 | <0.03–0.5 | (259) | 10 | 1 | 0.25–1 | (259) | ||||||||
| Diaporthe phaseolorum | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Emarellia grisea | R | 5 | 0.5 | 0.06–0.5 | (95) | 5 | 0.5 | 0.125–0.5 | (95) | ||||||||||||
| Emarellia paragrisea | R | 1 | 0.125 | 0.125 | (95) | 1 | 0.125 | 0.125 | (95) | ||||||||||||
| Exophiala dermatitidis | R | 51 | 2 | <0.015–2 | (260) | 51 | 2 | <0.03–2 | (260) | 51 | 2 | 0.06–2 | (260) | 51 | 4 | <0.03–4 | (260) | ||||
| Exophiala jeanselmei | R | 17 | 0.25 | 0.016–0.25 | (235) | 17 | 0.06 | 0.016–0.06 | (235) | 17 | 0.5 | 0.125–2 | (235) | ||||||||
| Exophiala oligosperma | R | 4 | 8 | 0.06–8 | (261) | 2 | 0.06 | <0.03–0.06 | (261) | 5 | 8 | 0.125–8 | (261) | ||||||||
| Exserohilum rostratum | R | 34 | 0.03 | <0.03–0.125 | (262) | 34 | 0.03 | <0.03–0.125 | (262) | 34 | 0.25 | <0.03–1 | (262) | 34 | 0.03 | <0.03–0.03 | (262) | ||||
| Falciformispora lignatilis | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Falciformispora tompkinsii | R | 3 | 0.25 | 0.25 | (235) | 3 | 0.25 | 0.25 | (235) | 3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | (235) | ||||||||
| Fusarium falciforme | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Fusarium verticillioides | R | 13 | 16 | 1–16 | (245) | 13 | 16 | 2–16 | (245) | 13 | 16 | 0.25–16 | (245) | 13 | 16 | 1–16 | (245) | 13 | 32 | 1–32 | (245) |
| Fusarium oxysporum | R | 14 | 16 | 1–16 | (245) | 14 | 16 | 1–16 | (245) | 14 | 16 | 0.06–16 | (245) | 14 | 16 | 0.5–16 | (245) | 14 | 32 | 0.5–32 | (245) |
| Fusarium solani | R | 22 | 16 | 16 | (245) | 22 | 16 | 4–16 | (245) | 22 | 16 | 16 | (245) | 22 | 16 | 4–16 | (245) | 22 | 32 | 16–32 | (245) |
| Fusarium chlamydosporum | R | 4 | 50 | 12.5–50 | (263) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fusarium incarnatum | R | 1 | >8 | >8 | (264) | 1 | 8 | 8 | (264) | ||||||||||||
| Fusarium subglutinans | R | 1 | >16 | >16 | (150) | 1 | >16 | >16 | (150) | 1 | 2 | 2 | (150) | ||||||||
| Fusarium thapsinum | R | 5 | >16 | >16 | (265) | 5 | >16 | 8–>16 | (265) | 5 | >16 | >16 | (265) | 5 | 4 | 2–4 | (265) | 5 | 0.5 | 0.25–0.5 | (265) |
| Geotrichum candidum | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Ilyonectria destructans | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Macroventuria anomochaeta | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Madurella fahalii | R | 1 | >16 | >16 | (235) | 2 | 0.016 | 0.004–0.016 | (247) | 1 | 1 | 1 | (235) | 1 | 1 | 1 | (235) | ||||
| Madurella pseudomycetomatis | R | 7 | 0.06 | 0.016–0.06 | (235) | 6 | 0.032 | 0.008–0.032 | (247) | 7 | 0.06 | 0.008–0.06 | (235) | 7 | 0.25 | 0.008–0.25 | (235) | ||||
| Madurella tropicana | R | 1 | 0.01 | 0.01 | (235) | 3 | 0.064 | 0.016–0.064 | (247) | 1 | 0.03 | 0.03 | (235) | 1 | 0.03 | 0.03 | (235) | ||||
| Microascus gracilis | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Microsporum audouini | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Microsporum canis | R | 100 | 4 | 0.03–8 | (266) | 42 | 0.06 | <0.03–0.25 | (267) | 100 | 1 | 0.08–2 | (266) | 100 | 0.06 | 0.08–0.5 | (266) | 100 | 0.25 | 0.08–0.5 | (266) |
| Neocosomospora cyanescens | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Neoscytalidium dimidiatum | R | 17 | >16 | <0.03- > 16 | (268) | 17 | 2 | 0.125–2 | (268) | 17 | 0.25 | <0.03–0.5 | (268) | 17 | 0.5 | 0.125–0.5 | (268) | ||||
| Neotestudina rosatii | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Nigrograna mackinnonii | R | 10 | 2 | (0.25–2) | (95) | 10 | 1 | 0.125–1 | (95) | ||||||||||||
| Paecilomyces variotii | R | 26 | 0.25 | 0.016–0.5 | (269) | 26 | 16 | 0.016–16 | (269) | 26 | 0.125 | 0.016–0.5 | (269) | 26 | 16 | 0.03–16 | (269) | 26 | 4 | 0.125–32 | (269) |
| Penicillium thomii | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Phaeoacremonium krajdenii | R | 11 | 16 | 16–>16 | (270) | 11 | 0.5 | 0.125–0.5 | (270) | 11 | 0.5 | 0.125–0.5 | (270) | ||||||||
| Phaeoacremonium parasiticum | R | 16 | >16 | >16 | (270) | 16 | 1 | 0.25–1 | (270) | 16 | 1 | 0.25–1 | (270) | ||||||||
| Phialophora verrucosa | R | 46 | 2 | 0.25–4 | (271) | 46 | 0.5 | 0.03–1 | (271) | 46 | 1 | 0.06–4 | (271) | 46 | 0.25 | 0.002–1 | (271) | ||||
| Phomopsis longicola | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pleurostoma ochraceum | R | 1 | 0.25 | 0.25 | (170) | 1 | 1 | 1 | (170) | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | (170) | ||||||||
| Pseudochaetosphaeronema larense | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Rhinocladiella atrovirens | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Rhytidhysteron rufulum | R | 2 | 1 | 0.5–1 | (95) | 2 | 0.25 | 0.125–0.25 | (95) | ||||||||||||
| Sarocladium kiliense | R | 4 | >16 | >16 | (272) | 4 | >16 | 4–>16 | (272) | 4 | 1 | 0.5–1 | (272) | 4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | (272) | ||||
| Subramaniula obscura | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Subramaniula thielavioides | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Trichophyton interdigitale | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Trichophyton rubrum | R | 111 | 2 | 0.03–16 | (273) | 16 | 0.125 | 0.03–0.125 | (274) | 111 | 0.5 | 0.016–1 | (273) | 111 | 0.125 | 0.03–16 | (273) | 111 | 0.06 | 0.008–0.06 | (273) |
| Xenoacremonium recifei | R | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Serum level | >1–2 | >0.5–1.5 | >1–6 | 2.8 | |||||||||||||||||
a
The MIC90 values above the therapeutic goal according to reference (275) are bold and underlined, the MIC90 values equal to the upper boundary of the therapeutic goal according to reference (275) are in bold, and the MIC90 values lower than the upper boundary of the therapeutic goal according to reference (275) are in normal font.