Box 4.

Vaccines for travellers

Routine

• Poliomyelitis

• Tetanus

• Childhood immunisations (in date)

• Recommended for travel outside northwest Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand:

  • Diphtheria (travellers in close contact with the indigenous population)
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Typhoid

Special risk

• Influenza (travellers with underlying medical problems)

• Japanese encephalitis (travel for more than four weeks in rural area)

• Meningoccocal meningitis (travellers in close contact with the indigenous population)

• Pneumococcus (travellers with underlying medical problems)

• Rabies (rural travel and travel more than 24 hours away from medical help)

• Tick borne encephalitis (travel to forested areas of Eastern Europe)

Certificate required

• Meningoccocal meningitis (travel to Saudi Arabia for purposes of a pilgrimage)

• Yellow fever (travel to parts of sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Central and South America)