Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patient and control groups — Mean (Standard Deviation).
| Patients |
Controls |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 23 | 23 | p |
| Gender (m = male; f = female) | 13 m, 10 f | 13 m, 10 f | |
| Age (years) | 19.83 (6.69) | 19.57 (6.43) | 0.89 |
| Educational level N | |||
| ≤12 years | 19 | 18 | >0.05 |
| >13 years | 4 | 5 | |
| Average educational level | 10.61 (2.59) | 11.09 (2.65) | 0.57 |
| Duration of illnessa | 9.55 (8.99) | ||
| PANSS positive | 15.48 (5.72) | ||
| PANSS negative | 19.04 (7.86) | ||
| PANSS general | 37.22 (14.40) | ||
| Processing speed (WAIS, Symbol search) | 24.08 (16.93) | 33.45 (6.57) | 0.020 |
| Associative learning (WAIS, Letter-number sequencing) | 45.96 (18.30) | 71.00 (12.51) | 0.001 |
| Attention, working memory (WAIS, Digit span) | 18.34 (5.76) | 21.13 (3.48) | 0.057 |
| Antipsychotic medication | |||
| Chlorpromazine equivalent (mg) | 420.22 (674.48) | ||
| Atypical antipsychotics (%) | 23 (100) | ||
| Typical antipsychotics (%) | 3 (13.04) | ||
| Antidepressants (%) | 12 (52.1) | ||
| Anticonvulsants | 6 (23.08) |
a
Number of months between the first admission and the experiment.