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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 11.
Published in final edited form as: J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2022 Jun 18;44(8):601–611. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2022.02.004

Table 2.

Participant Characteristics: Education, Income

RAND MTurk Difference
(N = 1677) (N = 310)
Frequency (%) Frequency (%)

Education
 No high school diploma 5 (0.3) 1 (0.3) 0.0
 High school graduate or GED 124 (7.4) 43 (13.9) −6.5
 Some college, no degree 297 (17.7) 68 (21.9) −4.2
 Occupational/technical/vocational 115 (6.9) 16 (5.2) 1.7
 Associate degree 216 (12.9) 41 (13.2) −0.3
 Bachelor’s degree 571 (34.0) 97 (31.3) 2.8
 Master’s degree 288 (17.2) 39 (12.6) 4.6
 Professional school degree 34 (2.0) 4 (1.3) 0.7
 Doctoral degree 24 (1.4) 1 (0.3) 1.1
 Not Reported 3 (0.2) 0 (0.0) 0.2
Income
 Less than $10,000 25 (1.5) 16 (5.2) −3.7
 $10,000 to $19,999 50 (3.0) 20 (6.5) −3.5
 $20,000 to $29,999 105 (6.3) 39 (12.6) −6.3
 $30,000 to $39,999 105 (6.3) 42 (13.5) −7.3
 $40,000 to $49,999 116 (6.9) 29 (9.4) −2.4
 $50,000 to $59,999 160 (9.5) 36 (11.6) −2.1
 $60,000 to $79,999 232 (13.8) 78 (25.2) −11.3
 $80,000 to $99,999 195 (11.6) 22 (7.1) 4.5
 $100,000 to $199,999 393 (23.4) 24 (7.7) 15.7
 $200,000 or more 76 (4.5) 4 (1.3) 3.2
 Not Reported 220 (13.1) 0 (0.0) 13.1