. 2024 Jun 28;5:1429332. doi: 10.3389/froh.2024.1429332

Table 1.

Proposed revised Chamas curriculum including oral health education topics.

Lesson	health topic	Social topic	Suggested oral health topic
Year 1 curriculum
1	Importance of women attending ANC clinics	Upholding the goals of the Chama	Importance of oral health for mother and child^b
2	Danger signs during pregnancy and after delivery	Table banking (Savings and loans)
3	Physical exercises during pregnancy	National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) Super Cover	Common symptoms and signs of dental disease^b
4	Importance of facility delivery^a	Budget planning	Importance of regular dental visits for mother and child
5	Preventing mother-child transmission: planned pregnancy, early ANC, ART, delivery in facility, infant follow-up to 18 months^a	Disclosing HIV status to your family	Demystifying myths about oral health in pregnancy and childhood
6	Pregnancy specific complications: GMD, Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, and Anemia	Good nutrition during pregnancy^a	Healthy diet for oral health
7	Pre-term labor and labor complications	Mutual sexual satisfaction between a man and a woman
8	Negative pregnancy outcomes: miscarriage, stillbirth, and abortion^a	Male involvement during pregnancy and infancy	Complications of untreated dental disease
9	Danger signs after delivery for mama: fistula, PPH, and other red flags	Supporting the birth of a child in your Chama
10	Danger signs in your newborn: 4 h up to 2 weeks	Community advocacy for our health	Prevention of early childhood caries^b
11	Exclusive breastfeeding^a	Adolescent pregnancy and school dropouts	Breastfeeding effects on the teeth
12	Importance of Kangaroo care between mother and child	Single parenting or losing a spouse
13	Teratogens: alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use^a	Domestic violence	How baby's teeth develop
14	Congenital anomalies or birth defects^a	After delivery welfare up to 1 year	Neonatal teeth
15	Importance of women attending PNC clinics	Awareness of the child's well-being
16	Postpartum depression	Promoting a good relationship with your husband in the home
17	Infant and childhood immunizations^a	Promoting a good relationship with mother-in-law and sister-in-law	Screening for dental disease
18	SIDS and safe sleep	Setting routines for the infant: sleeping
19	Infant growth monitoring^a	Setting routines for the infant: eating^a	Milestones in dental development
20	Infant development^a	Farming and rearing chicken	Preventing dental caries and gum disease^b
21	Intro to family planning and birth spacing	Agribusiness
22	Family planning: IUCD, tubal ligation, and vasectomy	Communication in relationships
23	Family planning: Jadelle and implanon/nexplanon	Female empowerment: self esteem and body image^a
24	Family planning: pill, depo, and condoms	Conflict resolution within a Chama
Year 2 curriculum
25	Complementary feeding for your infant^a	Cooking in clean air	Nutrition and your child's teeth
26	HIV testing in infants after birth	Reducing stigma towards members in the community with HIV
27	STIs beyond HIV: chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhoea^a	National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) SupaCover	STI's and oral health
28	Diseases under surveillance in children: measles, polio, and pneumonia^a	Avoiding road traffic accidents	Surveillance diseases and oral health
29	Childhood fever: causes and management^a	Steps of childhood development	Febrile illness and your child's teeth
30	Diarrheal diseases^a	Clean water	Teething management
31	Deworming and complications of worm infections	Nutrition and cleanliness^a	Good oral hygiene
32	Malaria	Importance of play
33	Health hazards and childproofing	Learning styles in your child
34	Basic first aid: choking and burns^a	Emergency preparedness and response	Simple dental pain home remedies
35	Advanced first aid	Violence in the community	Trauma to your child's tooth
36	Common poisons: organophosphates, kerosene, and paracetamol	Hygiene in the home
37	Childhood skin diseases: scabies, jiggers, and atopic dermatitis	Role modeling for your child^a	Role modeling oral hygiene
38	Tuberculosis	Showing love and building trust
39	Chronic diseases: diabetes, cancer, and heart health^a	Consistency and daily routines	Oral health and systemic health connection
40	Eliminating female genital mutilation	Gender-based violence
41	Male circumcision	Child sexual abuse
42	Cervical cancer screening: overcoming fears and misconceptions	Discipline and correction
43	Breast cancer screening	Learning from daily activities
44	Infertility: causes and support	Toilet training your Child
45	Developmental disorders and disabilities	Supporting individuals in the community with disability
46	Mental health disorders	Dealing with life stresses
47	Dental health for your child^b	Raising a teenage child
48	Healthy lifestyles	Planning for the future: raising your child

^{^a}

Existing sessions where relevant oral health information can be incorporated. Suggested topics for integrated sessions are included in italics.

^{^b}

Standalone oral health sessions.