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. 2024 Jun 13;27(7):1309–1317. doi: 10.1038/s41593-024-01676-6

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 5 — a, Average (n = 20) long term recording of evoked EPSP amplitudes (normalized to baseline) before (blue) and after (red) induction of changes in synaptic strength through the Hebbian pre- and postsynaptic pairing (gray). No changes were observed (1 data point = 1 min average for 3 samples every 20 seconds); Two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test on the five averaged values before and after the pairing, U = 12; P > 0.05, n = 20 b, Average (n = 10) long term recordings of evoked EPSC amplitudes (normalized to first 5 minutes) show that no plasticity occurs spontaneously, without the application of a Hebbian protocol; Two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test on the five averaged values before and after the pairing, U = 7; P > 0.05, n = 10. c, as in Fig. a, including only connections with a presynaptic non-accommodating neuron; here, we observed potentiation after Hebbian pre- and postsynaptic pairing; Two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test on the five averaged values before and after the pairing, U = 0; P = 0.0079 (**), n = 11 d, as in Fig. a, including only connections with a presynaptic accommodating neuron showing depression of synaptic strength. Two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test on the four values before and five averaged values after the pairing, U = 0; P = 0.0159 (*), n = 6. e, as in Fig. a, for connections not recruited after CS-US association; Two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test on the five values before and after the pairing, U = 3; P = 0.0278 (*), n = 6. f, as in Fig. a, for connections recruited after CS-US association; One-tailed Mann-Whitney U test on the five values before and after the pairing, U = 11; P > 0.05, n = 4. Error bars are s.d.