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. 2024 Jun 13;27(7):1309–1317. doi: 10.1038/s41593-024-01676-6

Fig. 7. Activating the optogenetically tagged fear memory engram induces freezing behavior.

Fig. 7

a, Viral constructs and the CFC protocol (Methods) of experiments in b–d. b, Examples of neuronal spiking and z-scores in response to the CS+ (black) and BL (blue). c, Venn diagram of neurons responding to the CS+, BL and CS−(5 kHz tone not paired to the US, see Methods). d, Left: Connectivity diagram. Right: Connection strength as a function of recruitment (n = 67 (black) and 7 (blue) connections; U = 44.5, ***P < 0.001; two-sided Mann–Whitney U-test). Bars show mean ± s.e.m. e, Freezing levels after CFC in response to the CS+, BL and CS− (mixed-model ANOVA, F2,4 = 21.15, *P = 0.0075 and *P = 0.0104 or 0.0196 for CS– versus CS+ or BL, respectively, after Bonferroni correction); n = 7 (CS+) or n = 3 (BL and CS–) rats. Bars show mean + s.e.m. Recordings were acquired in 5- to 6-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats of both sexes.