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. 2024 Jul 12;22(7):e8855. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8855

TABLE B.2 List of identified hazards in pigs for each respective killing method.

Hazards NEFS in containers Whole house gassing with CO2 CO2 at high concentration in containers CO2 + Inert gases in containers Inert gases in containers Electrical killing Captive bolt Non‐penetrative captive bolt Percussive blow to the head Firearm Lethal injection
Handling x x x x x x x x x x
Restraint x x x x x
Inversion x
Loud noise x x x x x
Slipping x x x x x
Substance irritating the mucosa x x x x
Surrounded by foam x
Jet stream of gas at pigs' level x x x x x
Hurting x x x x x x x x x x x
Too short exposure time x x x x x x
Overloading x x x x
Too small bubble size x
Low foam production rate x
Inhalation of foam x
Exposure to high CO 2 concentra‐tions x x x
Too low gas concentration x x x x x
Too low temperature of the gas x x x x x
Wrong placement of the electrodes x
Poor electrical contact x
Inappropriate electrical parameters x
Incorrect shooting position x x x
Incorrect captive bolt parameters x x
Sublethal dose of chemical x
Incorrect application of the blow to the head x
Inappropriate power and calibre of the cartridge x
Inappropriate type of projectile x
Inappropriate route of administra‐tion x
Sublethal dose x