TABLE 2.
Multivariable Logistic Regression Models of Diagnostic Features by Mass Type
| Mass Type | OR | 95% CI | P Value | Model C-Statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multivariable models: CMR tissue characteristics | |||||
| Fibroma (n = 55/86)a | Cine SSFP intensity ratio | 0.005 | 0.98 | ||
| High (>1.6) | Ref. | ||||
| Medium (1.1–1.6) | 12 | 2–72 | |||
| Low (<1.1) | 26 | 4–188 | |||
| Fibroma LGE pattern | 29 | 6–141 | <0.001 | ||
| LGE intensity ratio | |||||
| Low (<1.4) | Ref. | 0.007 | |||
| Medium (1.4–4.2) | 12 | 1–94 | |||
| High (>4.2) | 35 | 4–317 | |||
| T2 intensity ratio | <0.001 | ||||
| High (>1.7) | Ref. | ||||
| Medium (1.1–1.7) | 60 | 7–531 | |||
| Low (<1.7) | 37 | 5–270 | |||
| Rhabdomyoma (n = 22/143)a | Cine SSFP intensity ratio | 0.005 | 0.93 | ||
| High (>1.6) | Ref. | ||||
| Medium (1.1–1.6) | 9 | 2–43 | |||
| Low (<1.1) | 9 | 2–39 | |||
| LGE intensity ratio | <0.001 | ||||
| High (>4.2) | Ref. | ||||
| Medium (1.4–4.2) | 3 | 0.1–74 | |||
| Low (<1.4) | 113 | 7-NE | |||
| Malignant (n = 24/146)a | T2 intensity ratio | 0.003 | 0.69 | ||
| Low (<1.7) | Ref. | ||||
| Medium (1.1–1.7) | 2 | 0.5–8 | |||
| High (>1.7) | 5 | 2–19 | |||
| Myxoma (n = 15/196)a | Cine SSFP intensity ratio | <0.001 | 0.83 | ||
| Low (<1.1) | Ref. | ||||
| Medium (1.1–1.6) | 3 | 0.1–80 | |||
| High (>1.6) | 34 | 2–600 | |||
| Teratoma (n = 9/204)a | Cine SSFP intensity ratio | <0.001 | 0.80 | ||
| Low (<1.1) | Ref. | ||||
| Medium (1.1–1.6) | 0.3 | 0.01–9 | |||
| High (>1.6) | 6 | 1.01–36 | |||
| Hemangioma (n = 6/145)a | FPP intensity ratio ≥1 | 152 | 8-NE | <0.001 | 0.96 |
| Multivariable models: all variables | |||||
| Fibroma (n = 59/106)a | Cine SSFP intensity ratio | 0.004 | 0.99 | ||
| High (>1.6) | Ref. | ||||
| Medium (1.1–1.6) | 6 | 0.8–37 | |||
| Low (<1.1) | 36 | 4–302 | |||
| Fibroma LGE pattern | 9 | 2–43 | 0.004 | ||
| LGE intensity ratio | 0.010 | ||||
| Low (<1.4) | Ref. | ||||
| Medium (1.4–4.2) | 30 | 2–421 | |||
| High (>4.2) | 79 | 5-NE | |||
| Mass-to-cardiac length ratio >0.6 | 23 | 3–205 | 0.005 | ||
| Intramyocardial | 94 | 10–858 | <0.001 | ||
| Rhabdomyoma (n = 22/143)a | Cine SSFP intensity ratio | 0.012 | 0.97 | ||
| High (>1.6) | Ref. | ||||
| Medium (1.1–1.6) | 12 | 2–66 | |||
| Low (<1.1) | 12 | 2–81 | |||
| LGE intensity ratio | <0.001 | ||||
| High (>4.2) | Ref. | ||||
| Medium (1.4–4.2) | 2 | 0.1–52 | |||
| Low (<1.4) | 188 | 10-NE | |||
| Age, y | 0.008 | ||||
| High (>7) | Ref. | ||||
| Medium (0.7–7) | 30 | 1–610 | |||
| Low (<0.7) | 122 | 5-NE | |||
| Malignant (n = 24/146)a | History of malignancy | 71 | 12–411 | <0.001 | 0.94 |
| Infiltrative | 37 | 10–137 | <0.001 | ||
| Chest pain | 8 | 2–42 | 0.011 | ||
| Myxoma (n = 15/196)a | Endocardial | 138 | 8-NE | <0.001 | 0.91 |
| Teratoma (n = 9/204)a | Intrapericardial | 606 | 22-NE | <0.001 | 0.97 |
| Age, y | 0.020 | ||||
| High (>7) | Ref. | ||||
| Medium (0.7–7) | 4 | 0.1–134 | |||
| Low (<0.7) | 253 | 4-NE | |||
| Hemangioma (n = 6/145)a | FPP intensity ratio ≥1 | 152 | 8-NE | <0.001 | 0.96 |
Each mass type has 2 separate multivariable logistic regressions with Firth adjustment for sparse data: 1) using 6 CMR tissue characterization sequences (see the “CMR Tissue Characteristics” section); and 2) using all clinical and CMR variables (see the “All Variables” section).
The numerator represents the group whose characteristics are being examined, and the denominator represents the comparison group comprising all other tumors; numbers vary based on the number of studies with relevant tissue characterization sequences.
FPP = first pass perfusion; LGE = late gadolinium enhancement; NE = not estimable; OR = odds ratio; Ref. = reference; SSFP = steady-state free precession; other abbreviation as in Table 1.