ALP	alkaline phosphatase
A.	Achromobacter
A. equolifaciens	Adlercreutzia equolifaciens
B.	Bifidobacterium
BMC	bone mineral content
BMD	bone mineral density
BMI	body mass index
BMSCs	bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
BMP	bone morphogenetic protein
BSP	bone sialoprotein
C. coccoides	Clostridium coccoides
CAR	Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor
Col I	Collagen I
COL1A1	alpha-1 type I collagen
CTX	c-terminal telopeptide
DNMTs	DNA methyltransferases
DMSO	Dimethyl sulfoxide
E. coli	Escherichia coli
E. rectale	Eubacterium rectale
ERs	estrogen receptors
FITC	Fluorescein isothiocyanate
FMP	fermented product
GM	gut microbiota
HDACs	histone deacetylases
IAA	indole-3-acetic acid
IG	immunglobulin
IGF	Insulin-like growth factor
IL	interleukin
lncRNAs	long non-coding RNAs
IS	indoxyl sulfate
KO	knock-out
L.	Lactobacillus
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
LS-BMD	lumbar spine bone mineral density
MMP	matrix metalloproteinase
MSC	mesenchymal stem cells
NF-κB	nuclear factor-kappa B
NP	nanoparticles
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
mRNA	messenger RiboNucleic Acid
miRNAs	micro RNAs
NSAIDs	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
OCN	osteocalcin
OP	osteoporosis
OPG	osteoprotegerin
OPN	osteopontin
OVX	ovariectomized
PARP	Poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase
PPIs	proton pump inhibitors
RANK	receptor activator of NF-κB
RANKL	receptor activator of NF-κB ligand
ROS	reactive oxygen species
Runx2	Runt-related transcription factor 2
SCFA	short-chain fatty acids
SERMs	selective estrogen receptor modulators
S. equolifaciens	Slackia equolifaciens
Sirt	Sirtuin
SOD	superoxide dismutase
spp.	abbreviation for more than one bacteria species
TET	ten-eleven translocation
Th1	Type 1 T helper
Th17	T helper 17
TMAO	Trimethylamine N-oxide
TNBS	2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid
TNF	tumor necrosis factor
TRAP	tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
TRACP-5b	tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b
Treg	regulatory T cell
uNTx	urinary type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
vBMD	volumetric bone mineral content.
Vit.	Vitamin
Wnt	Wingless
WT	wild-type
ZO-1	Zonula occludens-1