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Proposed biological targets of fenugreek and their molecular antidiabetic effects summarized from reviewing in vitro experiments and in vivo animal studies. Abbreviations: HbA1c—hemoglobin A1c, HDL—high-density lipoprotein, TG—triglycerides, LDL—low-density lipoproteins, SOD—superoxide dismutase, CAT—catalase, GPx—glutathione peroxidase, GR—glutathione reductase, MDA—malondialdehyde, GLUT-4—glucose transporter type 4, IRS-1—insulin receptor substrate-1, GLP-1—glucagon-like peptide-1.
