Table 2.
Disease | Tissue | Expression Change 1 |
---|---|---|
Alzheimer’s disease |
frontal cortex [37] | downregulated |
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [38] | NC | |
parietal lobe [39] | NC | |
inferior frontal gyrus [41] | NC | |
superior temporal gyrus [40,41] | NC | |
middle temporal gyrus [40] | NC | |
anterior temporal cortex [42] | NC | |
cerebellum [42] | NC | |
whole blood [47] | NC | |
plasma [46] | NC | |
serum [43,44] | downregulated | |
serum [45] | NC | |
Parkinson’s disease |
prefrontal cortex [66] | downregulated (<72.5 years), NC (>72.5 years) |
substantia nigra [67] | NC | |
amygdala [68] | NC | |
plasma [69] | upregulated/NC | |
plasma [70] | upregulated | |
Huntington’s disease |
prefrontal cortex [79] | NC |
frontal cortex [80] | NC | |
dorsal caudal striatum [80] | downregulated | |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
spinal cord [90] | NC |
motor cortex [91] | NC | |
skeletal muscle [102] | NC | |
leukocytes [92,93] | NC | |
whole blood [94,95] | NC | |
plasma [98,101] | NC | |
serum [96,97,99,100,103] | NC | |
Multiple sclerosis |
white matter [105,106] | NC |
serum [107] | upregulated | |
serum [108] | downregulated |
1 NC: no change compared to healthy control.