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. 2024 Jul 2;25(13):7286. doi: 10.3390/ijms25137286

Table 1.

Patient clinical characteristics and disease course.

Characteristic Number (%)
Patient number 175 (100%)
MEN 1 present (a) 45 (26%)
Gender
  Male 91 (52%)
  Female 84 (48%)
Race
  White 137 (78%)
  Black 29 (17%)
  Hispanic 6 (4%)
  Asian 3 (1%)
Age at ZES onset (yrs.) (b)
  Mean ± SEM 39.9 ± 0.9
  (Range) (12.9–65.0)
Age at ZES diagnosis (yrs.) (c)
  Mean ± SEM 45.8 ± 0.9
  (Range) (14.2–70.6)
Age at 1st NIH visit
  Mean ± SEM 47.8 ± 0.9
  (Range) (13.1–71.0)
Age at the time of present study
  Mean ± SEM 53.8 ± 0.9
  (Range) (21.3–81.8)
Presenting clinical symptoms/features (d)
  Pain 135 (77%)
  Ulcer history 121 (63%)
  Diarrhea 140 (80%)
  GERD (any) 88 (50%)
  GERD(severe) 24 (14%)
  GERD/PUD Complication (e) 31 (18%)
  Bleeding 46 (26%)
Duration (yrs.)
  From ZES onset to the present study
    Mean ± SEM 13.7 ± 0.6
    (Range) (0.5–42.1)
  From ZES onset to last follow-up/death (f)
    Mean ± SEM 19.4 ± 1.3
    (Range) (2.4–40.7)
  From 1st NIH visit to last follow-up/death (f)
    Mean ± SEM 11.4 ± 0.9
    (Range) (1.2–23.7)

Abbreviations: ZES—Zollinger–Ellison syndrome; MEN1—Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1; yrs.—years; NIH—National Institutes of Health; GERD—gastroesophageal reflux disease; PUD—peptic ulcer disease; and PMD—patient’s private medical doctor. (a) MEN1 was diagnosed using family history, serum calcium, prolactin, and PTH assays as described previously [100,156,157,158,159,160,161]. (b) Onset is defined as the onset of recurrent and/or persistent symptoms compatible with ZES as defined previously [106,162]. (c) Criteria for diagnosis of ZES required assessment of BAO/fasting gastrin/secretin test as described previously [104,150,163]. (d) Clinical symptoms were determined as described previously [164,165]. (e) Other GERD/PUD complications include nonbleeding complications (stricture [esophageal, duodenal, and small intestine], perforation, penetration, obstruction, and advanced Barrett’s esophagus) as defined previously [103,164,166]. (f) All patients were followed in the long term (≥5 years) at NIH and treated with gastric antisecretory drugs, except for patients who had an early death, surgical cure with low acid secretion [162,167,168,169], or returned to their PMD after diagnosis stabilization and evaluation [106]. During follow-up, 25 patients died, with 8 patients having a ZES-related death, and in 17 patients, the death was not ZES-related [101,170].