Table 2.
Patient laboratory/tumor characteristics.
| Characteristic | Number (%) |
|---|---|
| I. LABORATORY RESULTS | |
| BAO (mEq/h) (no gastric surgery) (a) | |
| Mean ± SEM | 43.6 ± 2.0 |
| (Range) | (1.8–159) |
| BAO (mEq/h) (previous gastric surgery) (a) | 19.3 ± 2.6 |
| Mean ± SEM | (8.2–33.1) |
| (Range) | |
| MAO (mEq/h) (no gastric surgery) (b) | |
| Mean ± SEM | 66.7 ± 2.5 |
| (Range) | (13–159) |
| MAO (mEq/h) (previous gastric surgery) (b) | |
| Mean ± SEM | 28.4 ± 3.7 |
| (Range) | (11.0–44.0) |
| Fasting serum gastrin (FSG) (pg/mL) | |
| Mean ± SEM | 2717 ± 863 |
| (Range) | (52–110,000) |
| Median | 618 |
| II. TUMORAL FEATURES | |
| Tumor extent (c) | |
| Overall tumor localization | |
| Localized disease | 40 (23%) |
| Not localized | 135 (77%) |
| Specific tumor extent (c) | |
| Primary only | 68 (39%) |
| Primary and lymph node metastases | 59 (34%) |
| Primary and liver metastases | 39 (22%) |
| Primary tumor location (d) | |
| Duodenum | 87 (50%) |
| Pancreas | 30 (17%) |
| Lymph node primary (e) | 22 (13%) |
| Other (f) | 12 (12%) |
| Unknown (g) | 36 (21%) |
Abbreviations: BAO—Basal acid output; MAO—Maximal acid output; FSG—serum fasting gastrin. (a) 163 patients had a preoperative BAO (152 with no gastric surgery and 11 with previous gastric acid-reducing surgery) determined as described previously [104,150]. (b) A total of 143 patients had an MAO (133 with no gastric surgery and 10 with previous gastric acid-reducing surgery) determined as described previously [104,150]. (c) General tumor extent is determined by imaging and surgery in all patients as described previously [103,171,172,173]. Specific localization in 9 patients with regional disease could not be determined because no surgery was performed. Localized disease refers to patients with regional disease without distant metastases to liver/bone/or other sites. (d) The primary tumor site was established during surgery or endoscopy or by imaging as described previously [167,174,175,176,177,178]. (e) Primary lymph node gastrinomas were identified as described previously [179]. (f) Non-pancreatic-duodenal/lymph node primary sites occurred as described previously in the hepato-biliary tract [102,180], ovary, jejunum, mesentery, heart, lung cancer, and gastric antrum [103,181,182,183]. (g) Patients with diffuse liver metastases, with MEN1/ZES, or severe co-morbidities did not undergo routine surgical exploration as described previously [151,159,178,184], and the primary location, if not clearly identified on the imaging/endoscopy, was listed as an unknown primary site.