Figure 2.

Tusc2 deficiency causes impairment in short-term spatial memory. (A) A graphic representation of the cognitive evaluation in the Tusc2 KO model where the recognition memory, anxiety-like behavior, and short-term memory were evaluated. (B) Y-maze test. Correct alternations (%) within an 8-min period is shown; Tusc2 KO males have a significant decrease in % correct alternations (F_{(1, 52)} = 12.74, p = 0.0055), as compared to WT males. Female WT and KO showed no significant difference in the Y-maze test. Interaction df = 1, F (DFn, DFd) = F_{(1, 52)} = 1.596, p value = p = 0.2122. Sex df = 1, F (DFn, DFd) = F_{(1, 52)} = 0.006853, p value = p = 0.9343. Gene df = 1, F (DFn, DFd) = F_{(1, 52)} = 12.74, p value = p = 0.0008. (C) The total number of entries within the 8 min was recorded; no significant difference was seen in performance between groups. (D) Novel object recognition (NOR) tests. NOR: ROI index during a 3-min period. Tusc2 male and female KO and WT mice performed consistently in the NOR task; no significant difference was seen across groups. Interaction df = 1, F (DFn, DFd) = F_{(1, 34)} = 0.05171, p value = p = 0.8215. Sex df = 1, F (DFn, DFd) = F_{(1, 34)} = 0.05562, p value = p = 0.8150. Gene df = 1, F (DFn, DFd) = F_{(1, 34)} = 1.173, p value = p = 0.2863. (E) Open-field (OF) test, 30 min of active movement in a peripheral zone: Interaction df = 1, F (DFn, DFd) = F_{(1, 36)} = 2.760, p value = p = 0.1053. Sex df = 1, F (DFn, DFd) = F_{(1, 36)} = 1.226, p value = p = 0.2755. Gene df = 1, F (DFn, DFd) = F_{(1, 36)} = 0.03526, p value = p = 0.8521. (F) Open-field (OF) test, 30 min of active movement in a central zone: Interaction df = 1, F (DFn, DFd) = F_{(1, 26)} = 0.64, p value = p = 0.8022. Sex df = 1, F (DFn, DFd) = F (1, 26) = 0.3293, p value = p = 0.5710. Gene df = 1, F (DFn, DFd) = F (1, 26) = 1.844, p value = p = 0.1861. All data underwent Tukey’s multiple comparisons test followed by two-way ANOVA. ** p ≤ 0.01. n = 7–16 mice per group.