Figure 2.

Phagocytic mechanisms of macrophages. Several processes are involved in macrophage phagocytosis, such as phagocytosis receptor-ligand binding, actin polymerization, internalization of particles, as well as phagosome formation and degradation [53,54,63]. Abbreviations: CLRs, C-type lectin receptors; CRs, complement receptors; DAMP, damage-associate molecular patterns; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FcRs, Fc receptors; IgA, immunoglobulin A; IgG, Immunoglobulin G; PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular patterns; SRs, scavenger receptors.