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. 2024 Jul 2;25(13):7278. doi: 10.3390/ijms25137278

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Chemical structures of GAGs (A), chitosan (B), collagen (C), and silk (D). (A) GAGs: GAGs are divided into HA, CS/DS, HP/HS, and KS, based on different disaccharides pairs in their chains; (B) Chitosan: chitosan is a β-(1,4) glycosidic linkage-linked linear polysaccharide consisting of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units; (C) Collagen: collagen three polypeptide chains wrap around each other to form a left-handed polyproline II-type helix to create a right-handed triple helix maintained mainly by interstrand hydrogen bonds, which mandates that every third residue be Gly, and ProHypGly is the most common triplet in collagen triple helix; (D) Silk: two proteins make up the silk fibroin skeleton: fibroin, which is the inner layer protein, and sericin, which is the outer-layer covering protein [279,280,281,282]. Abbreviations: CS/DS, chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate; GAGs, glycosaminoglycans; Gly, glycine; HA, hyaluronic acid; HP/HS, heparin/heparan sulphate; Hyp, hydroxyproline; KS, keratan sulphate; Pro, proline.