Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients treated with inotrope across different regions.
| European Registries | American Registry | Multinational Registry | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IN-HF [5] (n 360) |
ESC-LT [7] (n 833) |
AHEAD [8] (n 4153) |
ADHERE [9] (n 159,168) |
ALARM-HF [10] (n 1617) |
||
| Region(s) | Italy | Europe | Czech Republic | US | Europe, Australia, Mexico | |
| Years | 2007–2009 | 2011–2013 | 2006–2009 | 2001–2003 | 2006–2007 | |
| Age (±sd or IQR) | 70 (±12) | 67 (±13) | 74 (49–87) | 72 (±14) | ||
| Male, % | 64.4 | 66 | 53.6 | 48.4 | 65.1 | |
| Mean SBP, mmHg (±sd or IQR) | 112 (±27) | 112 (±27) | 135 (85–200) | 144 (±33) | 100 (85–140) | |
| SBP < 110, n (%) | 176 (49) | - | - | - | - | |
| SBP ≤ 100, n (%) | - | - | 648 (15.6) | - | - | |
| SBP > 140, n (%) | - | - | 79,584 (50) | - | ||
| LVEF, % (±sd or IQR) | 31 (±12) | 35 (±15) | 37 (16–65) | 37.8 (±17.3) | 33.9(±14.2) | |
| LVEF < 30%, n (%) | 186 (51.6) | - | 1574 (37.9) | - | - | |
| LVEF < 40%, n (%) | 61 (16.9) | - | - | 81,653 (51.3) | - | |
| Clinical Setting | ||||||
| Decompensated HF, n (%) | 144 (40) | 395 (47.4) | 224 (53.9) | 148,305 (93) | 1135 (70.2) | |
| Pulmonary edema, n (%) | 82 (22.8) | 124 (14.9) | 748 (18.0) | - | - | |
| RV failure, n (%) | 29 (8.1) | 23 (2.8) | 156 (3.7) | - | - | |
| ACS, n (%) | 67 (18.6) | 107 (12.8) | - | 6366 (4) | - | |
| Cardiogenic shock, n (%) | 30 (8.3) | 158 (19.0) | 600 (14.4) | - | 425 (26.3) | |
| Inotrope (%) | ||||||
| Dopamine, n (%) | 258 (71.6) | 206 (24.7) | 352 (8.7) | - | 541 (33.5) | |
| Dobutamine, n (%) | 143 (39.7) | 354 (42.5) | 407 (10.0) | - | 926 (57.3) | |
| Levosimendan, n (%) | 73 (20.2) | 109 (13.1) | 148 (3.6) | - | 234 (14.5) | |
| PDEi, n (%) | - | 2 (0.2) | - | - | 48 (3.0) | |
| Vasopressor (%) | ||||||
| Epinephrine, n (%) | - | 14 (1.7) | 360 (8.9) | - | 142 (8.8) | |
| Norepinephrine, n (%) | - | 45 (5.4) | 770 (19.0) | - | 164 (10.1) | |
IQR: interquartile range; SBP: systolic blood pressure; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; RV: right ventricle; ACS: acute coronary syndrome; PDEi: phosphodiesterase inhibitors.