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. 2024 Jul 3;25(13):7316. doi: 10.3390/ijms25137316

Figure 4.

Figure 4

PPV-6 downregulates induction of the cell cycle/apoptosis markers and decreases the number of post-mitotic neurons incorporating BrdU upon Aβ25-35 exposure. (A–D) Primary cortical cultures were exposed to Aβ25-35 (10 μM) with or without PPV-6 (250 μg/mL) for 8 h before detection of cyclin D1 (A) or 24 h before detection of PCNA (B), p-Histone H3 (C), as well as pro- and cleaved caspase-3 (D). (E–G) Cortical neurons treated with Aβ25-35 (10 μM), PPV-6 (250 μg/mL), or both for 24 h were subjected to immunostaining with antibodies against various cell cycle markers (green), including cyclin D1 (E), PCNA (F), and p-Histone H3 (G); a MAP-2 (red) antibody stained the mature neurons. (H) The cultures were stained with the antibodies against BrdU (green) and neuronal marker NeuN (red); Hoechst 33258 (blue) served as counterstaining. White arrows denote the mature neurons expressing cell cycle markers or incorporating BrdU. Scale bar = 10 μm. Mean ± SEM from N = 3 in (A–D), N = 6 in (E–G), and N = 3 in (H). Data were analyzed by means of a one-way ANOVA followed by a post-hoc Tukey test. * and # denote p < 0.05.