Table 2.

Examples of strategies for combatting bone senescence.

Approach	Strategy	Model	Target	Reference
Pharmacological, senolytic	Dasatinib (D) and/or quercetin (Q)	in vitro and in vivo	D- senescent fat progenitors, Q- human endothelial cells and mouse BM MSCs, D + Q—mouse embryonic fibroblasts	[123]
Pharmacological, senolytic	Dasatinib + Quercetin	in vitro and in vivo	Trabecular and cortical bone in mice	[73]
Pharmacological, senolytic	ABT263	In vivo	Senescent bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells in mice	[126]
Pharmacological, senolytic/senomorphic	Zeldronic acid	In vitro and in vivo	Bone	[185]
Pharmacological, senomorphic	Ruxolitinib	In vivo	metabolism	[186]
Non-pharmacological, biomaterial	Shell nacre	In vitro	BM MSCs	[117]
Non-pharmacological, biomaterial	PEGylated hydrogel with Rapamycin nanomicelles	In vitro and in vivo	BM MSCs	[153]
Non-pharmacological, biologics	HA v/s PRP in RCT	In vivo	Knee OA	[173]
Non-pharmacological, biologics	Collagen	In vitro	BM MSCs	[157]
Non-pharmacological, biologics	PRP	In vitro and in vivo	Injured tendons	[174]
Lifestyle	Intermittent fasting	In vivo, n = 25 young males	Senescence markers linked with diet and lifestyle	[181]
Lifestyle	Physical functioning	In vivo, n = 1377 older adults	Senescence biomarkers linked with physical functioning in elderly	[120]
Lifestyle	Diet + exercise	In vivo, n = 12 young males	Senescent cells in skeletal muscle linked with diet and exercise	[187]
Lifestyle	Diet + exercise + community	Mixed methods, n = 57 older adults	Nutritional habits and active lifestyle linked with longevity	[182]
Lifestyle	Sleep deprivation	In vivo, n = 29 older adults	Sleep deprivation linked with senescent markers	[183]