Table 2.
Biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and adipokines across tertiles of the TyG Index in a cohort comprising both MetS and controls.
| Variable | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | * p-Value Jonckheere-Terpstra Test |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oxidative stress: | ||||
| Oxidized LDL (U/L) | 25.4 (21.3–40.3) | 43.9 (36.1–50.0) | 45.2 (34.8–58.5) | 0.0002 |
| Nitrotyrosine (nM/L) | 10.0 (5.9–24.2) | 28.2 (10.9–64.2) | 23.2 (13.7–102.9) | 0.03 |
| Inflammation: | ||||
| Endotoxin (EU/mL) | 4.1 (3.5–4.7) | 7.0 (3.7–10.6) | 13.7 (11.5–17.7) | 0.0004 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 1326 (402–1775 | 1693 (565–2146) | 1696 (1346–2018) | 0.007 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 768 (626–1113) | 807 (588–1456) | 897 (648–1488) | 0.20 |
| IL-1-beta (pg/mL) | 818 (421–943) | 844 (532–1187) | 879 (563–987) | 0.25 |
| TLR-2 (MFI/106 cells) | 24 (18–31) | 24 (21–51) | 29 (20–45) | 0.12 |
| TLR-4 (MFI/106 cells) | 21 (19–29) | 26 (21–29) | 31 (25–54) | 0.002 |
| pP38MAP Kinase | 0.07 (0.04–0.09) | 0.14 (0.09–0.24) | 0.23 (0.14–0.36) | <0.0001 |
| NFkB activity | 0.05 (0.04–0.07) | 0.24 (0.07–0.27) | 0.24 (0.12–0.26) | <0.0001 |
| Adipokines: | ||||
| RBP4 (μg/mL) | 38.2 (34.1–44.6) | 44.6 (36.3–56.6) | 48.9 (39.3–55.8) | 0.009 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 35.0 (24.1–55.4) | 67.4 (36.6–105.3) | 65.9 (38.8–83.8) | 0.06 |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 7.8 (5.7–11.3) | 5.6 (3.9–8.4) | 5.1 (3.9–12.0) | 0.10 |
| Chemerin (ng/mL) | 279 (234–333) | 319 (273–387) | 370 (311–408) | 0.009 |
The results are reported as median values (25th–75th percentile). * The Jonckheere–Terpstra Test for trends.