Table 2.
Mortality Hazard Ratios (HR) and Subdistribution Hazard Ratios (SHR) according to the UPF consumption quartiles.
| All Causes | CVD | GC | OCr | DOC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | SHR (95% CI) | SHR (95% CI) | SHR (95% CI) | SHR (95% CI) | |
| Model 1 | |||||
| Q1 | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent |
| Q2 | 1.10 (0.93 1.29) | 0.90 (0.66; 1.23) | 1.50 (0.94; 2.39) | 1.44 (0.98; 2.10) | 0.94 (0.72; 1.21) |
| Q3 | 1.26 * (1.03; 1.53) | 1.03 0.72; 1.49) | 0.91 (0.47; 1.74) | 1.73 * (1.15; 2.62) | 1.13 (0.84; 1.51) |
| Q4 | 1.32 * (1.02; 1.72) | 1.19 (0.73; 1.92) | 2.43 * (1.33; 4.45) | 0.96 (0.50; 1.85) | 1.10 (0.73; 1.67) |
| UPFs continuous | 1.00 * (1.0001; 1.001) | 1.00 (0.999; 1.001) | 1.00 * (1.0002; 1.002) | 1.00 (0.999; 1.001) | 1.00 (1.000; 1.001) |
| Model 2 | |||||
| Q1 | referent | referent | referent | referent | referent |
| Q2 | 1.09 (0.92; 1.30) | 0.84 (0.60; 1.16) | 1.65 * (1.01; 2.71) | 1.46 (0.98; 2.17) | 0.89 (0.68; 1.17) |
| Q3 | 1.27 * (1.03; 1.57) | 1.00 (0.68; 1.47) | 0.96 (0.47; 1.93) | 1.61 * (1.03; 2.54) | 1.03 (0.75; 1.42) |
| Q4 | 1.34 * (1.00; 1.79) | 1.33 (0.76; 2.30) | 3.14 ** (1.56; 6.32) | 1.11 (0.55; 2.24) | 1.14 (0.71; 1.82) |
| UPFs continuous | 1.00 * (1.000; 1.001) | 1.00 (0.999; 1.002) | 1.00 * (1.000; 1.002) | 1.00 (0.999; 1.002) | 0.999 (0.998; 1.001) |
* p-value < 0.05 ** p-value <0.001. Model 1: including only UPF consumption quartiles; Model 2: adjusted for sex (F vs. M), BMI categories, Alanine Aminotransferase, Triglycerides, Glucose, Smoke, Job, Marital Status, Alcohol intake, and Daily Calories. HR: Hazard Ratio; SHR: Subdistribution Hazard Ratio; UPFs: Ultra Processed Food; CVD: Cardiovascular Disease; GC: Gastrointestinal Cancer; OCr: Other Cancers; and DOC: Deaths from Other Causes.