Figure 10.

(a) Effect of hydrochloric acid concentration (with or without H₂O₂) on sample dissolution [170], MDPI; (b) Leaching rate of transition metals by different methods (especially using aluminum powder and copper powder as analytical reagents) [174], Elsevier; (c) Schematic diagram of selective recovery of valuable metals from waste LIB by ammonia leaching [161], Taylor and Franics; (d) Changes in pH, redox potential, and Fe³⁺ concentration of A. ferrooxidans growth curve [183], Elsevier.