Table 4.
Practice of Households Regarding Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene by Residence in Shashemene Town and Shashemene Woreda, 2022
| Characteristic | HHs, No. (%) | P Valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ST (n = 430) | SW (n = 439) | Total (N = 869) | ||
| Water treated for drinking | ||||
| No, not at all | 368 (85.6) | 371 (84.5) | 739 (85.0) | .86 |
| Yes, for sick/children | 7 (1.6) | 8 (1.8) | 15 (1.7) | |
| Yes | 48 (11.2) | 49 (11.2) | 97 (11.2) | |
| Yes, during dry/rainy season | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.5) | 3 (0.3) | |
| Don't know | 3 (0.7) | 7 (1.6) | 10 (1.2) | |
| No response | 3 (0.7) | 2 (0.5) | 5 (0.6) | |
| Types of water storage b | ||||
| Water tank (covered) | 282 (65.6) | 93 (21.2) | 375 (43.2) | <.001 |
| Bottle (covered) | 243 (56.5) | 252 (57.4) | 495 (57.0) | .79 |
| Clay pot (covered) | 18 (4.2) | 41 (9.3) | 59 (6.8) | .003 |
| Bucket (covered) | 214 (49.8) | 204 (46.5) | 418 (48.1) | .33 |
| Bowl (covered) | 44 (10.2) | 59 (13.4) | 103 (11.9) | .14 |
| Wooden pot (covered) | 3 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.3) | .08 |
| Not stored | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.5) | 3 (0.3) | .58 |
| Skin vessels | 4 (0.9) | 22 (5.0) | 26 (3.0) | <.001 |
| Disposal site of wastewater from cooking b | ||||
| Open field (private) | 89 (20.7) | 256 (58.3) | 345 (39.7) | <.001 |
| Open field (public) | 131 (30.5) | 30 (6.8) | 161 (18.5) | |
| In a hole (private) | 78 (18.1) | 70 (15.9) | 148 (17.0) | |
| In a hole (public) | 25 (5.8) | 34 (7.7) | 59 (6.8) | |
| Pour in surface water | 25 (5.8) | 8 (1.8) | 33 (3.8) | |
| Pour into a septic tank | 60 (14.0) | 3 (0.7) | 63 (7.2) | |
| Otherc | 119 (27.7) | 1 (0.2) | 120 (13.8) | |
| Don't know/No response | 11 (2.6) | 37 (8.4) | 48 (5.5) | |
| Disposal site of domestic wastewater | ||||
| Open field (private) | 35 (8.1) | 192 (43.7) | 227 (26.1) | <.001 |
| Open field (public) | 83 (19.3) | 30 (6.8) | 113 (13.0) | |
| In a hole (private) | 48 (11.2) | 33 (7.5) | 81 (9.3) | |
| In a hole (public) | 12 (2.8) | 30 (6.8) | 42 (4.8) | |
| Pour in surface water | 12 (2.8) | 6 (1.4) | 18 (2.1) | |
| Pour into a septic tank | 33 (7.7) | 2 (0.5) | 35 (4.0) | |
| Otherc | 67 (15.6) | 6 (1.4) | 73 (8.4) | |
| Don't know/no response | 140 (32.6) | 140 (31.9) | 280 (32.2) | |
| Disposal site of human waste/excreta | ||||
| Open field (private) | 71 (16.5) | 195 (44.4) | 266 (30.6) | <.001 |
| Open field (public) | 116 (27.0) | 37 (8.4) | 153 (17.6) | |
| In a hole (private) | 71 (16.5) | 82 (18.7) | 153 (17.6) | |
| In a hole (public) | 20 (4.7) | 27 (6.2) | 47 (5.4) | |
| Pour into surface water | 25 (5.8) | 6 (1.4) | 31 (3.6) | |
| Pour into a septic tank | 101 (23.5) | 39 (8.9) | 140 (16.1) | |
| Otherd | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | |
| Don't know/no response | 25 (5.8) | 53 (12.1) | 78 (9.0) | |
| Preprocess domestic waste b | ||||
| Yes, burn | 135 (31.4) | 99 (22.6) | 234 (26.9) | .003 |
| Yes, sort/separate | 122 (28.4) | 101 (23.0) | 223 (25.7) | .07 |
| Yes, others | 4 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.5) | .04 |
| No | 260 (60.5) | 296 (67.4) | 556 (64.0) | .03 |
| Don't know | 4 (0.9) | 1 (0.2) | 5 (0.6) | .17 |
| No response | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.3) | .62 |
| Use of the latrine by HH members b | ||||
| Children/infants | 46 (10.7) | 44 (10.0) | 90 (10.4) | .74 |
| Sick people | 33 (7.7) | 1 (0.2) | 34 (3.9) | <.001 |
| Senior/elderly members | 14 (3.3) | 1 (0.2) | 15 (1.7) | <.001 |
| No, limited access | 6 (1.4) | 2 (0.5) | 8 (0.9) | .15 |
| No, too far away | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | .99 |
| No, bad condition | 6 (1.4) | 73 (16.6) | 79 (9.1) | <.001 |
| Yes, all members | 356 (82.8) | 323 (73.6) | 679 (78.1) | <.001 |
| Othere | 4 (0.9) | 14 (3.2) | 18 (2.1) | .02 |
| Don't know | 10 (2.3) | 22 (5.0) | 32 (3.7) | .04 |
| No response | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.7) | 4 (0.5) | .33 |
Abbreviations: HH, households; ST, Shashemene Town; SW, Shashemene Woreda.
a P values based on χ2 test.
bMeasured on multiple responses. One person could give more than a single answer, and therefore each row has its respective P value.
cOther responses included toilet and hole near home.
dOther responses included collect and store in a sack.
eOther responses included no latrine or not applicable.