Table 1.

Possible Screening Markers for OSA and NAFLD Patients

Type	Name	References	Possible Significance
PSG parameters	LaSO2	[104,105,174,177–179]	Mean SaO2% may predict patients with obesity and OSA and those at a higher risk of developing advanced fibrosis; AHI was significantly correlated with lobular inflammation and fibrosis; the others may be predictors of NAFLD among OSA patients.
	Mean SaO2%	[174–176]
	TS90	[104,177]
	ODI	[104,174,180]
	AHI	[22,106,177,178]
	Snoring index	[181]
Genomics	The allele Gly972Arg	[182]	Associated with an increased risk of OSA and NAFLD development.
	Polymorphism of IRS1, CRP, IL-6, and LEPR	[183]
Proteomics	LOX	[184]	May serve as a biomarker for liver fibrosis in OSA.
Metabonomics	TG	[105]	May predict NAFLD development.
	HOMA-IR	[104–106]
	Leptin, adiponectin	[185]
Inflammatory markers	MIF, IL-6	[185]	Associated with an increased risk of OSA and NAFLD.
	Hs-CRP	[106,185]
	TNF-α	[185]
Others	BMI	[105,178,186]	BMI may predict the development of NAFLD and OSA; FLI and HSI may serve as good screening tools for detecting NAFLD in OSA patients.
	FLI	[27,187,188]
	HSI	[187]

Abbreviations: PSG, polysomnographic; LaSO₂, lowest oxygen saturation; Mean SaO₂%, mean percentage oxyhemoglobin; TS90, total sleep time spent with oxygen saturation of <90%; ODI, oxygen desaturation index; AHI, apnea/hypopnea index; IRS1, insulin receptor substrate 1; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; LEPR, leptin receptor; LOX, lysyl oxidase; TG, triglyceride; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor; Hs-CRP, highly sensitive C-reactive protein; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; BMI, body mass index; FLI, fatty liver index; HIS, hepatic steatosis index.