Table 4.
CPS Turnout Gap by Mode and Report.
| Face-to-face Mode | Telephone Mode | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Self-reports | Proxy Reports | Self-reports | Proxy Reports | ||||||
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| Year | VEP Turnout | Estimated Turnout | Gap | Estimated Turnout | Gap | Estimated Turnout | Gap | Estimated Turnout | Gap |
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| 2008 | 62 | 70 | 8 | 65 | 3 | 79 | 16 | 72 | 10 |
| 2006 | 41 | 50 | 9 | 45 | 4 | 60 | 18 | 53 | 11 |
| 2004 | 61 | 68 | 7 | 63 | 3 | 76 | 16 | 71 | 10 |
| 2002 | 41 | 48 | 7 | 45 | 4 | 56 | 16 | 50 | 10 |
| 2000 | 55 | 63 | 8 | 58 | 2 | 71 | 16 | 65 | 10 |
| 1998 | 39 | 47 | 7 | 44 | 5 | 53 | 13 | 48 | 8 |
| 1996 | 52 | 59 | 7 | 54 | 3 | 68 | 16 | 62 | 10 |
| Average | 8 | 3 | 16 | 10 | |||||
Source: Current Population Survey, indicated years, November supplements.
Note: “VEP turnout” is the turnout rate among the voting eligible population based on government turnout data. Sampling errors are less than 1 percentage point using generalized variance estimation. CPS = Current Population Survey.