Fig. 3.

Effects of MOL pretreatment on the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and mitochondrial proteins TIMM23 and NDUFS3 in Aβ1-42-treated SH-SY5Y cells. (A) Control; (B) Aβ1-42 treatment alone; (C) 100-μg/mL MOL alone; (D-F) 25, 50, and 100-μg/mL MOL pretreatment followed by Aβ1-42 exposure. The orange curve indicates the number of healthy cells (red arrow), and the green curve indicates the number of dead cells (green arrow). (G) Quantification of fluorescent JC-10 signals. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM from 3 independent experiments. (H and I) Immunoblots of TIMM23 and NDUFS3, respectively. Band quantification was obtained from 3 independent experiments. The density of the bands was normalized with that of β-actin. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of percentage to the control. ^*P < 0.05 and ^**P < 0.01 indicate significant differences in comparison with day 0 which was considered the control group; ^#P < 0.05 and ^##P < 0.01 imply the differences between designated groups. Aβ, Amyloid beta; MOL, Moringa oleifera leaf; TIMM23, translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane 23; NDUFS3, NADH dehydrogenase (Ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 3.