Table 1.
Summary of patient’s treatment data
| Patients | Sex | Age (yrs) | Diagnosis age (yrs) | ASDs level |
Comorbidities | Medications | Alternative intervention | Pre-T (Hz) | Post-T (Hz) | Stimulation site | Reported outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M | 3 | 1.5 | 3 | ST | - | ABA | 9 | 9.2 | Pz Fpz | Improved eye contact, independency, spatial awareness, sleep, vocalisation, physical activity, and mood |
| 2 | M | 3 | 1.5 | 3 | ST | Melatonin | SP, OT | 9.5 | 9.8 | Pz Fpz | Improved sleep, speech articulation and expression, imitation, physical activity, confidence, eye contact, spatial awareness, cognition, and non-verbal communication. A case of hypersalivation and “tongue-twisting”. |
| 3 | M | 3 | 3 | 2 | - | Iron and vitamin B | - | 8.7 | 9.1 | Pz Fpz | Improved anxiety, spatial awareness, listening skills, and vocalisation. Nil changes to eye contact. |
| 4 | M | 3 | 2 | 3 | ST | Melatonin | SP, OT and psychology | 8.2 | 8.9 | Pz Fpz | Improved vocalisation, non-verbal communication, spatial awareness, tactile skills, social skills, sleep, eye contact, anxiety, behaviour (aggression) |
| 5 | M | 4 | 2 | 2 | ST | - | - | 8.7 | 8.4 | Pz Fpz | Improved vocalisation, physical activity, eye contact, social skills, sleep, concentration, and anxiety. Nil changes in communication skills. |
| 6 | M | 5 | 2 | 3 | - | - | - | 9.3 | 9.3 | Pz Fpz | Improved cognition, social skills, vocalisation, tactile skills, eye contact, and anxiety. Nil changes to diet diversity and speech articulation. |
| 7 | F | 5 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | 9.3 | 9.3 | Pz Fpz | Improved listening, handwriting, and spatial awareness. More tantrums and screaming (sensory overload). |
| 8 | M | 5 | 3 | 3 | ST | Melatonin | CBT and OT | 10.1 | 10.2 | Pz Fpz | Improved curiosity and concentration, spatial awareness, and social skills. Nil changes to sleep and speech. |
| 9 | M | 5 | 3 | 3 | - | Naturopath | SP, OT and psychology | 9.3 | 9.3 | Pz Fpz | Improved emotional regulation, eye contact, social skills, spatial awareness, and vocalisation. |
| 10 | M | 5 | 3 | 3 | ST | Vitamin B | Craniosacral stimulation | 9.2 | 9.1 | FPz | More emotional (crying for no reason) |
| 11 | M | 6 | 4 | 3 | Seizure | Cod liver oil, zinc, vitamin D, Iron | - | 9.1 | 10.4 | Pz Fpz | Improved anxiety, social skills, physical activity, vocalisation, imitation, behaviour, and concentration. |
| 12 | F | 6 | 2.5 | 3 | ST | - | - | 8.8 | 9.1 | Pz Fpz | Improved sleep, mood, vocalisation, and physical activity. Nil changes to the intensity of emotion and anger outbursts. |
| 13 | M | 6 | 6 | 2 | ST | Naturopath | - | 8 | 10.4 | Pz Fpz | Improved decision-making and mood. Increased screaming (due to more awareness or sensory overload) |
| 14 | M | 6 | 3 | 2 | ST, ADHD | Methylphenidate, risperidone, clonidine, melatonin | - | 8.7 | 9.1 | Pz Fpz | Improved anxiety, verbal communication, emotional regulation, phobia, and social skills |
| 15 | M | 6 | 3.5 | 2 | - | - | SP, OT | 9.8 | 10.3 | Pz Fpz | Improved speech, emotional regulation (anger), anxiety and behaviour. |
| 16 | M | 6 | 3 | 3 | ST | Melatonin | Nemechek protocol | 9 | 8.8 | Pz Fpz | Improved mood, concentration, verbal and non-verbal expression, sleep, and diet diversity. Nil changes to physical activity. |
| 17 | M | 7 | 1 | 3 | ST, anxiety | Melatonin, CBD, multivitamins | - | 8.5 | 8.2 | Pz Fpz | Improved social skills, cognition, self-expression, mood, and diet diversity. |
| 18 | M | 7 | 4 | 3 | ST, anxiety | - | SP, OT | 10.4 | 9.8 | Pz Fpz | Improved anxiety, repetitive behaviour, and listening skills. |
| 19 | M | 7 | 6 | 2 | ST | - | - | 9.1 | 9 | Pz Fpz | Improved sleep, diet diversity, anxiety, phobia. Nil changes to emotional dysregulation. |
| 20 | M | 7 | 4 | 3 | ST | Methylphenidate | - | 8.7 | 9.5 | Pz Fpz | Improved social skills, behaviours (aggression and meltdown), sleep and vocalisation. |
| 21 | M | 7.5 | 2 | 3 | - | Zinc, Magnesium | - | 9.3 | 9.3 | Fpz | Improved eye contact, vocalisation, mood, sleep, listening response, spatial awareness, and emotional regulation. |
| 22 | M | 8 | 2.5 | 3 | - | - | OT | 10.3 | 10.3 | Pz Fpz | Improved anxiety, phobia, concentration, listening response, and verbal communication. |
| 23 | M | 8 | 4 | 2 | - | - | SP, OT | 9.1 | 9.6 | Pz Fpz | Improved sleep, emotional regulation, and concentration. |
| 24 | M | 8 | 7 | 1 | ST, anxiety | - | SP, OT and psychology | 8.7 | 8.7 | Pz Fpz | Improved social skills, emotional dysregulation and behaviour (aggression). |
| 25 | M | 9 | 2 | 3 | ST | - | SP, OT and sound | 9.2 | 8.8 | Fpz | Improved spatial awareness, concentration, social skills, eye contact, listening response, physical activity, and behaviour. |
| 26 | M | 9 | 5 | 3 | ST | - | - | 9.5 | 9.7 | Pz Fpz | Improved cognition, eye contact, and special awareness. Nil changes in sleep and verbal communication. |
| 27 | M | 8 | 4 | 3 | ADHD | - | SP, OT | 10 | 9.9 | Pz Fpz | Improved mood, eye contact, verbal communication, and anxiety. Nil changes to physical activity. |
| 28 | M | 9 | 1.5 | 2 | - | Methylphenidate | SP, OT | 9 | 9 | Pz Fpz | Improved communication, mood, and behaviour. Nil changes to listening response. |
Key: Not listed (-); Applied behaviour analysis (ABA), Attention deficits hyperactive disorder (ADHD), Cannabidiol (CBD); Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), Occupational therapy (OT), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Sleep trouble (ST), and Speech therapy (SP): Pre-treatment (pre-T): Post-treatment (post-T)