Table 1.
Characteristics based on the TyG-BMI index tertiles of 855 participants.
| Characteristic | Overall | Tertile1 | Tertile2 | Tertile3 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 855 | 285 | 285 | 285 | |
| Age | 73.03 (7.13) | 73.66 (7.17) | 73.64 (7.09) | 71.79 (6.99) | 0.001 |
| Education | 16.15 (2.71) | 16.64 (2.58) | 16.15 (2.73) | 15.67 (2.76) | < 0.001 |
| Sex (%) | 0.080 | ||||
| Female | 376 (44.0) | 140 (49.1) | 114 (40.0) | 122 (42.8) | |
| Male | 479 (56.0) | 145 (50.9) | 171 (60.0) | 163 (57.2) | |
| Ethnicity (%) | 0.046 | ||||
| Other | 54 (6.3) | 16 ( 5.6) | 12 ( 4.2) | 26 ( 9.1) | |
| White | 801 (93.7) | 269 (94.4) | 273 (95.8) | 259 (90.9) | |
| APOE ε4 (%) | 0.006 | ||||
| APOE ε4 (−) | 495 (57.9) | 150 (52.6) | 159 (55.8) | 186 (65.3) | |
| APOE ε4 (+) | 360 (42.1) | 135 (47.4) | 126 (44.2) | 99 (34.7) | |
| Dignosis (%) | 0.900 | ||||
| CN | 257 (30.1) | 88 (30.9) | 83 (29.1) | 86 (30.2) | |
| MCI | 598 (69.9) | 197 (69.1) | 202 (70.9) | 199 (69.8) | |
| CVD (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 289 (33.8) | 123 (43.2) | 93 (32.6) | 73 (25.6) | |
| Yes | 566 (66.2) | 162 (56.8) | 192 (67.4) | 212 (74.4) | |
| Diabetes (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 749 (87.6) | 266 (93.3) | 251 (88.1) | 232 (81.4) | |
| Yes | 106 (12.4) | 19 ( 6.7) | 34 (11.9) | 53 (18.6) | |
| Hypertension (%) | 0.142 | ||||
| No | 506 (59.2) | 182 (63.9) | 163 (57.2) | 161 (56.5) | |
| Yes | 349 (40.8) | 103 (36.1) | 122 (42.8) | 124 (43.5) | |
| Drinking (%) | 0.917 | ||||
| No | 819 (95.8) | 274 (96.1) | 272 (95.4) | 273 (95.8) | |
| Yes | 36 ( 4.2) | 11 ( 3.9) | 13 ( 4.6) | 12 ( 4.2) | |
| Smoking (%) | 0.428 | ||||
| No | 524 (61.3) | 180 (63.2) | 166 (58.2) | 178 (62.5) | |
| Yes | 331 (38.7) | 105 (36.8) | 119 (41.8) | 107 (37.5) | |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 100.93 (23.64) | 95.78 (14.72) | 99.24 (19.11) | 107.78 (31.96) | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 146.01 (107.91) | 97.45 (42.74) | 138.28 (66.00) | 202.30 (152.40) | < 0.001 |
| TyG index | 8.73 (0.59) | 8.35 (0.43) | 8.72 (0.47) | 9.12 (0.58) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.27 (4.42) | 24.14 (1.97) | 27.73 (1.74) | 32.94 (3.53) | < 0.001 |
| TyG-BMI | 247.62 (46.27) | 201.52 (17.37) | 241.26 (10.01) | 300.08 (33.17) | < 0.001 |
| AD pathology | |||||
| Aβ42 (pg/mL) | 1122.10 (606.37) | 1010.84 (582.50) | 1119.42 (608.79) | 1236.03 (608.50) | < 0.001 |
| Tau (pg/mL) | 270.07 (120.10) | 282.23 (124.84) | 279.46 (123.92) | 248.53 (108.31) | 0.001 |
| pTau (pg/mL) | 25.80 (13.45) | 27.35 (13.77) | 26.79 (14.15) | 23.28 (12.01) | < 0.001 |
| Tau/Aβ42 | 0.33 (0.26) | 0.38 (0.26) | 0.34 (0.27) | 0.27 (0.23) | < 0.001 |
| pTau/Aβ42 | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.02) | < 0.001 |
| pTau/Tau | 0.09 (0.01) | 0.09 (0.01) | 0.09 (0.01) | 0.09 (0.01) | < 0.001 |
| Cognition | |||||
| MMSE (IQR) | 29.00 (3.00) | 29.00 (3.00) | 29.00 (3.00) | 29.00 (3.00) | 0.059 |
| ADAS (IQR) | 8.00 (5.67) | 9.00 (5.33) | 8.33 (5.33) | 7.00 (6.00) | 0.017 |
| MEM (IQR) | 0.46 (1.08) | 0.43 (1.20) | 0.43 (1.01) | 0.51 (1.01) | 0.034 |
| EF (IQR) | 0.35 (1.26) | 0.31 (1.33) | 0.35 (1.21) | 0.43 (1.18) | 0.608 |
| Brain structure | |||||
| Hippocampus (mm3) | 7037.83 (1098.63) | 6907.03 (1041.04) | 6958.67 (1150.73) | 7251.97 (1074.47) | 0.001 |
| Entorhinal (mm3) | 3646.17 (707.68) | 3550.51 (714.05) | 3633.67 (711.48) | 3759.56 (683.49) | 0.005 |
| Middle Temporal (mm3) | 20,076.19 (2774.66) | 19,762.92 (2717.40) | 20,228.43 (2878.79) | 20,242.11 (2703.95) | 0.091 |
| Intracranial volume (mm3) | 1,527,091.82 (164,907.44) | 1,515,485.34 (155,151.91) | 1,542,361.67 (175,565.06) | 1,523,482.40 (162,826.57) | 0.138 |
Data are mean (SD), n (%), or median (IQR).
TyG-BMI index, triglyceride glucose-body mass index; AD, Alzheimer’s Disease; MMSE, mini-mental state examination, ADAS, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale Question; EF, executive function; MEM, memory function. Aβ42, Amyloid-42; pTau, phosphorylated-tau; Tau, total-tau; APOE ε4, Apolipoprotein E; CN, cognitive normal; MCI, mild cognitive impartment; CVD, cardiovascular disease.