Table 1.
A summary of demographics of participants and PHQ-8a questionnaires in the present study, with the site-specific comparisons.b
| Characteristic | Total | CIBERc (Spain) | KCLd (UK) | VUMCe (Netherlands) |
| Participants, n | 543 | 126 | 303 | 114 |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 48.00 (32.00-58.00) | 53.00 (47.25-60.00) | 44.00 (30.00-56.00) | 39.50 (26.00-57.75) |
| Female, n (%) | 414 (76.2) | 91 (72.2) | 233 (76.9) | 90 (78.9) |
| Employed, n (%) | 230 (42.4) | 30 (23.8) | 164 (54.1) | 36 (31.6) |
| PHQ-8 records, n | 10,018 | 1990 | 5899 | 2129 |
| Records in winter, n (%) | 2699 (26.9) | 541 (27.2) | 1519 (25.8) | 639 (30.0) |
| Records in spring, n (%) | 2363 (23.6) | 450 (22.6) | 1504 (25.5) | 409 (19.2) |
| Records in summer, n (%) | 2559 (25.5) | 520 (26.1) | 1508 (25.6) | 531 (24.9) |
| Records in autumn, n (%) | 2397 (23.9) | 479 (24.1) | 1368 (23.2) | 550 (25.8) |
| Participants before the COVID-19 pandemic, n | 442 | 115 | 259 | 68 |
| Records before the COVID-19 pandemic, n (%) | 4202 (41.9) | 999 (50.2) | 2650 (44.9) | 553 (26.0) |
aPHQ-8: 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire.
bDue to the private issue, participants’ specific geographic information was not collected.
cCIBER: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red.
dKCL: King’s College London.
eVUMC: Vrije Universiteit Medisch Centrum.