Table 1.
Patient and appointment characteristics, baseline, and matched cohorts.
| Variable | Baseline cohort |
Matched cohort |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In-person care (N = 182 665) | Telemedicine (N = 53 837) | All (N = 236 502) | P | In-person care (N = 43 688) | Telemedicine (N = 43 688) | All (N = 87 376) | P | |
| Age | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 52.0 (19.3) | 44.4 (20.1) | 50.3 (19.7) | <.001 | 45.9 (19.9) | 45.9 (19.9) | 45.9 (19.9) | .60 |
| Median [min, max] | 54.0 [18.0, 122] | 42.0 [18.0, 121] | 52.0 [18.0, 122] | 44.0 [18.0, 101] | 44.0 [18.0, 104] | 44.0 [18.0, 104] | ||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 107 308 (58.8%) | 33 650 (62.5%) | 140 958 (59.6%) | <.001 | 27 515 (63.0%) | 27 652 (63.3%) | 55 167 (63.1%) | .33 |
| Male | 75 326 (41.2%) | 20 172 (37.5%) | 95 498 (40.4%) | 16 173 (37.0%) | 16 036 (36.7%) | 32 209 (36.9%) | ||
| Missing | 31 (0.0%) | 15 (0.0%) | 46 (0.0%) | – | – | |||
| Race | ||||||||
| Black or African American | 22 374 (12.5%) | 5886 (11.0%) | 28 260 (12.2%) | <.001 | 4828 (11.1%) | 4881 (11.2%) | 9709 (11.1%) | .85 |
| Other/Unknown | 37 248 (20.8%) | 10 646 (20.0%) | 47 894 (20.6%) | 6828 (15.6%) | 6827 (15.6%) | 13 655 (15.6%) | ||
| White or Caucasian | 119 151 (66.6%) | 36 814 (69.0%) | 155 965 (67.2%) | 32 032 (73.3%) | 31 980 (73.2%) | 64 012 (73.3%) | ||
| Missing | 3892 (2.1%) | 491 (0.9%) | 4383 (1.9%) | – | – | |||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 30 954 (18.4%) | 8547 (17.0%) | 39 501 (18.1%) | <.001 | 7900 (18.1%) | 7157 (16.4%) | 15 057 (17.2%) | <.001 |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 136 957 (81.6%) | 41 670 (83.0%) | 178 627 (81.9%) | 35 788 (81.9%) | 36 531 (83.6%) | 72 319 (82.8%) | ||
| Missing | 14 754 (8.1%) | 3620 (6.7%) | 18 374 (7.8%) | – | – | |||
| Visit type | ||||||||
| Established patient | 66 850 (36.6%) | 30 931 (57.5%) | 97 781 (41.3%) | <.001 | 26 571 (60.8%) | 26 621 (60.9%) | 53 192 (60.9%) | .72 |
| New patient | 115 815 (63.4%) | 22 906 (42.5%) | 138 721 (58.7%) | 17 117 (39.2%) | 17 067 (39.1%) | 34 184 (39.1%) | ||
| Insurance type | ||||||||
| Medicaid | 14 869 (9.0%) | 5046 (10.7%) | 19 915 (9.4%) | <.001 | 4560 (10.4%) | 4618 (10.6%) | 9178 (10.5%) | <.001 |
| Medicare | 54 417 (33.0%) | 12 382 (26.2%) | 66 799 (31.5%) | 10 588 (24.2%) | 11 466 (26.2%) | 22 054 (25.2%) | ||
| Other | 4377 (2.7%) | 1550 (3.3%) | 5927 (2.8%) | 1377 (3.2%) | 1450 (3.3%) | 2827 (3.2%) | ||
| Private | 91 284 (55.3%) | 28 255 (59.8%) | 119 539 (56.3%) | 27 163 (62.2%) | 26 154 (59.9%) | 53 317 (61.0%) | ||
| Missing | 17 718 (9.7%) | 6604 (12.3%) | 24 322 (10.3%) | – | – | |||
| Travel distance | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 36.1 (132) | 54.4 (176) | 40.2 (143) | <.001 | 39.3 (145) | 49.3 (163) | 44.3 (154) | <.001 |
| Median [min, max] | 14.9 [0, 4780] | 16.6 [0, 5240] | 15.1 [0, 5240] | 14.3 [0, 4780] | 15.7 [0, 5240] | 15.1 [0, 5240] | ||
| Missing | 2671 (1.5%) | 736 (1.4%) | 3407 (1.4%) | – | – | |||
| Cancellation types | ||||||||
| Canceled | 59 402 (32.5%) | 12 252 (22.8%) | 71 654 (30.3%) | <.001 | 12 777 (29.2%) | 9318 (21.3%) | 22 095 (25.3%) | <.001 |
| Left without being seen | 22 (0.0%) | 42 (0.1%) | 64 (0.0%) | 2 (0.0%) | 34 (0.1%) | 36 (0.0%) | ||
| No show | 13 610 (7.5%) | 3111 (5.8%) | 16 721 (7.1%) | 2874 (6.6%) | 2262 (5.2%) | 5136 (5.9%) | ||