Table 1.
Comparison of the main baseline characteristics between patients included in the analysis and patients who were eligible for inclusion but were not interviewed
| Included patients N = 382 |
Eligible non-included patients N = 173 |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 61.4 ± 12.4 | 61.7 ± 14.5 | 0.55 |
| Males, n (%) | 257 (67.3) | 115 (66.5) | 0.85 |
| McCabe score, n (%) | 0.08 | ||
| 0 (no fatal underlying disease) | 312 (81.7) | 127 (73.4) | |
| 1 (death expected within 5 years) | 60 (15.7) | 39 (22.5) | |
| 2 (death expected within 1 year) | 10 (2.6) | 7 (4.0) | |
| Pre-existing illness at ICU admission, n (%) | 222 (58.6) | 103 (60.2) | 0.71 |
| Chronic renal failure | 21 (5.5) | 19 (11.1) | 0.02 |
| Liver disease | 28 (7.4) | 17 (10.0) | 0.30 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 55 (14.6) | 28 (16.6) | 0.54 |
| Chronic respiratory failure | 25 (6.6) | 19 (11.2) | 0.07 |
| Neurologic disease | 34 (9.0) | 19 (11.1) | 0.43 |
| Cancer or immune deficiency | 85 (22.5) | 25 (14.6) | 0.03 |
| Oesophageal, gastric, or duodenal ulcer | 19 (5.0) | 7 (4.1) | 0.64 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 73 (19.3) | 44 (25.7) | 0.09 |
| Weight, kg, median [IQR] | 80.0 [68.0–92.0] | 77.0 [67.0–89.5] | 0.14 |
| BMI, kg/m2, median [IQR] | 27.3 [24.2–31.7] | 26.6 [22.7–31.2] | 0.15 |
| SAPS IIa, median [IQR] | 55 [43–69] | 59.0 [44.0–70.0] | 0.32 |
| SOFA scoreb, median [IQR] | 10.0 [8.0–12.0] | 10.0 [8.0–12.0] | 0.06 |
| Medical diagnosis at admission, n (%) | 301 (78.8) | 137 (79.2) | 0.92 |
| Acute illness at ICU admission, n (%) | 0.09 | ||
| Cardiac arrest | 59 (15.5) | 17 (9.8) | |
| Acute heart failure | 65 (17.0) | 28 (16.2) | |
| Acute central nervous system failure | 25 (6.5) | 13 (7.5) | |
| Acute respiratory failure | 157 (41.1) | 70 (40.5) | |
| Trauma | 8 (2.1) | 11 (6.4) | |
| Miscellaneous | 68 (17.8) | 34 (19.7) | |
| Cause of shock, n (%) | 0.03 | ||
| Cardiac | 84 (22.0) | 22 (12.7) | |
| Sepsis | 206 (53.9) | 102 (59.0) | |
| Other | 92 (24.1) | 49 (28.3) | |
| Ongoing treatments at inclusion, n (%) | |||
| Randomised in the Low group of NUTRIREA-3c | 176 (46.1) | 95 (54.9) | 0.05 |
| Prone position | 21 (5.5) | 9 (5.2) | 0.89 |
| Sedative agents | 348 (91.1) | 156 (90.2) | 0.73 |
| NMBA | 139 (36.4) | 46 (26.6) | 0.02 |
| Insulin | 147 (38.5) | 73 (42.2) | 0.41 |
| Anti-microbial treatmentd | 326 (85.3) | 152 (87.9) | 0.43 |
| Dialysis | 30 (7.9) | 19 (11.0) | 0.23 |
| Outcomes | |||
| RRT during the ICU stay, n (%) | 76 (19.9) | 45 (26.0) | 0.11 |
| At least one complicatione during the ICU stay, n (%) | 50 (13.1) | 20 (11.6) | 0.62 |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation, days, median [IQR] | 6.0 [2.0–11.0] | 6.0 [3.0–10.0] | 0.95 |
| ICU length of stay, days, median [IQR] | 9.0 [6.0–16.0] | 9.0 [5.0–15.0] | 0.91 |
| Hospital length of stay, days, median [IQR] | 21.0 [13.0–34.0] | 20.0 [13.0–40.0] | 0.29 |
ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score version II [29], SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [30], NMBA neuromuscular blocking agent, RRT renal replacement therapy
aSAPS II values can range from 0 (lowest level of critical illness) to 163 (most severe level of critical illness with 100% predicted mortality). A score of 50 predicts a 46.1% risk of death. The SAPS II was determined 24 h after ICU admission
bSOFA scores can range from 0 (no organ failure) to 24 (most severe level of multi-organ failure). The SOFA sub-score values at ICU admission are reported in eTable 1
cPatients included in the NUTRIREA-3 trial were randomised to early nutrition with either low or standard calorie-protein targets (6 kcal/kg/d and 0·2–0·4 g/kg/d, respectively; and 25 kcal/kg/d and 1·0–1·3 g/kg/d, respectively)
dAnti-microbial treatments included antibiotics, antiviral drugs, and antifungal drugs
eComplications included infections and gastro-intestinal complications acquired during the ICU stay