Table 3.
Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and quality of life in the 382 included patients discharged alive from the intensive care unit
| Overall population N = 382 |
Resilient patientsc N = 203 |
Non-resilient patientsc N = 179 |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms | ||||
| IES-R scorea, median [IQR] | 9.0 [4.0–19.0] | 7.0 [3.0–15.0] | 12.0 [5.0–24.0] | < 0.0001 |
| Intrusion | 4.0 [1.0–9.0] | 3.0 [1.0–8.0] | 5.0 [1.0–10.0] | 0.016 |
| Avoidance | 3.0 [1.0–7.0] | 2.0 [1.0–6.0] | 5.0 [1.0–10.0] | 0.0003 |
| Hyperarousal | 1.0 [0.0–4.0] | 1.0 [0.0–3.0] | 2.0 [0.0–6.0] | < 0.0001 |
| PTSD symptoms, n (%) | ||||
| None | 309 (81.3) | 177 (87.2) | 132 (74.6) | 0.004 |
| Moderate | 29 (7.6) | 13 (6.4) | 16 (9.0) | |
| Severe | 42 (11.1) | 13 (6.4) | 29 (16.4) | |
| Quality of life | ||||
| SF-36b, median [IQR] | ||||
| Bodily pain | 72.0 [41.0–100.0] | 84.0 [51.0–100.0] | 62.0 [41.0–100.0] | 0.006 |
| General health | 57.0 [45.0–72.0] | 67.0 [52.0–80.0] | 52.0 [40.0–62.0] | < 0.0001 |
| Mental health | 72.0 [56.0–84.0] | 76.0 [64.0–88.0] | 64.0 [48.0–80.0] | < 0.0001 |
| Physical functioning | 75.0 [45.0–95.0] | 80.0 [55.0–95.0] | 60.0 [35.0–90.0] | 0.002 |
| Role-emotional | 100.0 [0.0–100.0] | 100.0 [33.0–100.0] | 67.0 [0.0–100.0] | 0.0005 |
| Role-physical | 50.0 [0.0–100.0] | 50.0 [0.0–100.0] | 25.0 [0.0–100.0] | 0.32 |
| Vitality | 55.0 [40.0–70.0] | 60.0 [45.0–75.0] | 45.0 [30.0–60.0] | < 0.0001 |
| Social functioning | 100.0 [63.0–100.0] | 100.0 [63.0–100.0] | 94.0 [50.0–100.0] | 0.001 |
| PCS | 43.0 [34.0–51.0] | 44.0 [34.0–52.0] | 41.0 [33.0–49.0] | 0.026 |
| MCS | 51.0 [40.0–57.0] | 53.0 [45.0–59.0] | 48.0 [35.0–54.0] | < 0.0001 |
IES-R Impact of Event Scale-Revised, IQR interquartile range, PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder, SF-36 Short Form 36, PCS Physical Component Summary, MCS Mental Component Summary
aThe IES-R score can range from 0 to 88 (intrusion sub-score, 0–32; avoidance sub-score, 0–32; hyperarousal sub-score, 0–24). A higher score indicates greater symptom severity [23]. IES-R scores ≥ 33, 24–32, and ≤ 23 indicate severe, moderate and no PTSD, respectively
bSF-36 is a 36-item health-related quality-of-life questionnaire that produces two scores (PCS and MCS) and the eight sub-scores listed in the table, each of which can range from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better health-related quality of life
cResilient patients had CD-RISC-25 ≥ 68. Non-resilient patients had CD-RISC-25 ≤ 67