Table 1.
Demographics and Characteristics.
| Characteristics | Outcome (N = 107) |
|---|---|
| Mean age in years (+SD) | 32.4 + 7.7 |
| Male sex – N (%) | 86 (80.4 %) |
| Residency | |
| Dutch citizen | 86 (80.4 %) |
| Tourist | 21 (19.6 %) |
| Risk factors – N (%) | |
| History of cardiovascular disease | 5 (4.7 %) |
| Smoking | 74 (69.2 %) |
| Family history of cardiovascular disease | 18 (16.8 %) |
| Diabetes | 2 (1.9 %) |
| Hypertension | 5 (4.7 %) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 5 (4.7 %) |
| Other drugs | 26 (24.3 %) |
| No Risk factors | |
| Self-reported Cocaine use – N (%) | 100 (93.5 %) |
| Time between last use and presentation ED/chest pain unit – N (%) | |
| 0–3 h | |
| 4–6 h | 46 (42.9 %) |
| 7–24 h | 17 (15.9 %) |
| >24 h | 26 (24.4 %) |
| Unknown | 16 (14.8 %) |
| 2 (1.9 %) | |
| Route of ingestion – N (%) | |
| Nasal | 68 (63.6 %) |
| Smoking | 3 (2.8 %) |
| Intravenous | 0 (0.0 %) |
| Unknown | 36 (33.6 %) |
| ECG – N (%) | |
| Normal | 81 (75.7 %) |
| Abnormal but not ischaemic | 23 (21.5 %) |
| Ischaemic changes | 3 (2.8 %) |
| Vitals at presentation – N (%) | |
| Systolic blood pressure | |
| <90 mmHG | 1 (0.9 %) |
| 90 – 139 mmHG | 70 (65.4 %) |
| >140 mmHG | 36 (33.6 %) |
| Diastolic blood pressure | |
| <90 mmHG | 69 (64.5 %) |
| >90 mmHG | 38 (35.5 %) |
| Temperature | |
| <36 C | 6 (5.6 %) |
| 36–37.9 C | 81 (75.7 %) |
| >38 C | 5 (4.7 %) |
| Unknown | 15 (14.0 %) |
| Heart rate | |
| <60/min | 3 (2.8 %) |
| 60–100/min | 71 (66.4 %) |
| >100/min | 33 9(0.8 %) |
| Respiratory rate | |
| <12/min | 10 (9.3 %) |
| 12–20/min | 79 (73.8 %) |
| >20/min | 18 (16.8 %) |
| Saturation | |
| <90 % | 3 (2.8 %) |
| 90–94 % | 4 (3.7 %) |
| >95 % | 100 (93.5 %) |
| Troponin – N (%) | |
| 0 h troponin | |
| <5 ng/L | 43 (40.2 %) |
| 5–14 ng/L | 59 (55.1 %) |
| >14 ng/L | 5 (4.7 %) |
| 1 h troponin | |
| <5 ng/L | 24 (22.4 %) |
| 5–14 ng/L | 46 (43.0 %) |
| >14 ng/L | 2 (1.9 %) |
| not measured | 35 (32.7 %) |
| 3 h troponin | |
| <5 ng/L | 15 (14.0 %) |
| 5–14 ng/L | 42 (39.3 %) |
| >14 ng/L | 5 (4.7 %) |
| not measured | 45 (42.1 %) |
| Urine toxicology screen – N (%) | |
| Cocaine | 107 (100 %) |
| Cannabis | 37 (34.6 %) |
| Amphetamine | 11 (10.3 %) |
| Methamphetamine/Ecstasy | 13 (12.1 %) |
| Benzodiazepines | 21 (19.6 %) |
| Opiates | 2 (1.9 %) |
| Methadone | 0 (0.0 %) |
| Phencyclidine | 0 (0.0 %) |
| Barbiturates | 0 (0.0 %) |
| GRACE score – N (%) | |
| Low risk (0−108) | 97 (90.7 %) |
| Intermediate risk (109−139) | 0 (0.0 %) |
| High risk (>140) | 0 (0.0 %) |
| Unknown | 10 (9.3 %) |
| HEART score – N (%) | |
| Low risk (0−3) | 103 (96.3 %) |
| Intermediate risk (3−6) | 3 (2.8 %) |
| High risk (7−10) | 0 (0.0 %) |
| Unknown | 1 (0.9 %) |