Table 6. Surgical Treatment Details.
| Study | N | Timing | Technique | Post-op Protocol |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robbrecht et al9 | 43 | Within 2 weeks of diagnosis – 43 | Transcortical suspension | Casted for 1 week, then progressive mobilization brace |
| Schmidt et al10 | 56 | After failed conservative treatment – 38 Immediate – 18 Median = 6 months (IQR: 2 - 8) |
Endobutton or Ziploop | Orthosis, brace after 1-2 weeks |
| Bauer et al11 | 47 | After failed conservative treatment – 34 Immediate – 13 Median = 69 days (range: 4 - 561) |
Approach: Anterior: 33 (20 delayed + 13 immediate) Posterior: 16 (15 delayed + 1 immediate) 2 Incisions: 22 (18 delayed + 4 immediate) Technique: FiberWire/Krackow, Endobutton, Anchor |
|
| Rao et al12 | 14 | Median = 46.5 days (range: 7 - 972) | Incisions: Single – 11 Double – 3 Technique: Bone Tunnel – 5 Suture/Button – 9 Interference Screws – 3 Other - 2 |
Varied by surgeon preference |
| Wörner et al13 | 59 | Endobutton – 41 Graft used – 4 Suture Anchor – 21 |
Casted for 1 week NSAIDs – 1-3 weeks Physical therapy after 1 week Normal activities after 3 months |
|
| Berthold et al14 | 22 | Endobutton or suture anchor | Splinted for 3-5 days, followed by compression sleeve Physical therapy after 1 week Normal activities after 4 weeks |
|
| Lee et al15 | 5 | Performed after at least 6 months of failed conservative treatment | Approach: Anterior – 3 2 Incisions – 2 Technique: Suture Anchor – 5 |
Casted for 6 wks. Physical therapy began after 6 weeks Strengthening exercises after 3 mo. |
| Voleti et al16 | 3 | Suture anchor – 2 Intramedullary button – 1 |
For one patient: Immobilizing brace for 2 weeks then physical therapy with full extension by 6 weeks then strengthening exercises after 3 months | |
| Ozasa et al17 | 1 | 6 months (after failed conservative treatment) | Suture anchor (with graft) | Sling for a few days with immediate physical therapy Full ROM by 3 weeks Heavy labor by 3 months |
| Bradshaw et al19 | 5 | 2- 18 months of symptoms prior to treatment | Biopsy only – 4 Biopsy with interosseus fixation – 1 |
|
| Aggarwal et al20 | 1 | 4 weeks | Transosseous Arthrex biceps button after whip-stitching ruptured tendon. | |
| TOTAL | 256 |