Table 2.
Envelope properties of prototypical buildings in different climate zones.
| Climate zone | Sample size | Envelope design | Internal design | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Window to wall (S&W) | Window design | Appurtenance | Envelope Heat Capacity (J/K) | Internal heat gain | Building temperature set-point schedule | Relative humility | ||||
| Window U value [W/m2/K] | SHGC | Shading reduction factor | ||||||||
| 1 Severe cold | Area A | 6 | 0.10–0.40 | 2.3 | / | 0.0–1.0 | VH/H | Low/Average/High | 21–30 °C | 70–80 RH |
| 0.40–0.60 | 1.4 | |||||||||
| Area B | 0.60–0.90 | 1.2 | ||||||||
| Area C | 1 | 0.10–0.40 | 2.4 | / | ||||||
| 0.40–0.60 | 1.5 | |||||||||
| 0.60–0.90 | 1.3 | |||||||||
| 2 Cold | Area A | 12 | 0.10–0.40 | 2.5 | 0.52 | 0.0–1.0 | VH/H/M | Low/Average/High | 21–30 °C | 70–80 RH |
| 0.40–0.70 | 1.7 | 0.4 | ||||||||
| Area B | 0.70–0.90 | 0.3 | 0.3 | |||||||
| 3 Hot Summer and Cold Winter (HSCW) | Area A | 7 | 0.10–0.40 | 3 | 0.44 | 0.0–1.0 | VH/H/M/L | Low/Average/High | 21–30 °C | 70–80 RH |
| 0.40–0.70 | 2.2 | 0.35 | ||||||||
| Area B | 0.70–0.90 | 1.8 | 0.24 | |||||||
| 4 Hot Summer and Warm Winter (HSWW) | Area A | 5 | 0.10–0.40 | 4 | 0.44 | 0.0–1.0 | VH/H/M/L/VL | Low/Average/High | 21–30 °C | 70–80 RH |
| 0.40–0.70 | 2.5 | 0.26 | ||||||||
| Area B | 0.70–0.90 | 2 | 0.18 | |||||||
| 5 Moderate | Area A | 2 | 0.10–0.40 | 4 | 0.44 | 0.0–1.0 | VH/H/M/L/VL | Low/Average/High | 21–30 °C | 70–80 RH |
| 0.40–0.70 | 2.5 | 0.35 | ||||||||
| Area B | 1 | 0.70–0.90 | 2 | 0.24 | ||||||
*Envelope heat capacity (J/K) Class22.
Very heavy (VH): 370,000 * Af, Heavy (H): 260,000 * Af, Medium (M): 165,000 * Af, Light (L): 110,000 * Af, Very Light (VL): 80,000 *Af.
*The shading factor is the shaded fraction of the PV field with respect to the full sensitive area for a given sun orientation (values 0 = no shade, 1 = fully shaded).