Figure 2.

Elastic net based ranking of circulating immune cell subsets and hierarchical clustering of T1D patients and healthy controls. The response variable of the EN model was the individual’s cohort status, i.e. HC vs T1D. The input variables were the percentages of immune cell subsets plus individual’s age and sex (see details in the Method section). The scaled variable importance value was used to rank the weight of each explanatory variables. (A, top) Variable importance plot showed all explanatory variables selected by the EN-model. The most explanatory immune cell subsets contributing to 90% of the classification (top-35) are those above the dashed line. (B, bottom) Hierarchical clustering using the top-35 most explanatory immune cell subsets revealed three clusters; one healthy control cluster and two distinct T1D-patient subgroups. The example heatmap shows the top-10 of immune cell subsets contributing to the classification. Cohort status and sex of every individual are listed on the top of heatmap. T1D (n = 242), HC (n = 37). F: female; M: male; mCD4, memory CD4+ cells.