Figure 3.

Discriminating peripheral immune cell profiles classify two T1D- patient groups. Elastic net (EN) modelling of T1D patients only. The response variable of the EN model was patient’s subgroups, i.e. T1D-group-A vs T1D-group-B. The input variables were the percentages of immune cell subsets plus patient’s age and sex. (A) Variable importance plot shows all variables selected by the EN-model (33 out of 114 input explanatory variables, Y-axis). (B-E) Violin plots showing univariate comparison, adjusted for the covariates age and sex, between T1D-group-Avs T1D-group-B patients for (B) age (top) and sex (bottom), (C) top-5 explanatory immune cell subsets as selected by the EN model, (D) percentages of FOXP3+ Treg and ratio of CD4+ regulatory T cells: CD4+ conventional T cells (Treg/Tconv) based on absolute cell counts of CD4+CD25++Foxp3+ and CD4+CD25- cells, and (E) percentages of monocyte subsets. T1D-group-A (n = 50), T1D-group-B (n = 191). Grey dot indicates the mean value, and grey vertical line represents the standard deviation. **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001.; ns, not significant. mCD4, memory CD4+ cells. F, Female; M, Male.