Figure 4.

T1D-group-A shows increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production and exclusive cytokine / immune cell subset correlations. Cytokines production as measured by ELISA of PBMCs stimulated in vitro with S. aureus (top panels) or C. albicans (bottom panels). Innate cytokines TNFα and IL-10 were measured 24 hours after stimulation and adaptive cytokines IFNγ and IL-17 were measured 7 days after stimulation. (A) Violin plots show the cytokines production in T1D-group-A vs T1D-group-B. Age and sex covariates were adjusted. (B) Pearson’s correlation of the percentages of cell subsets and cytokines produced upon stimulation with S.aureus in T1D-group-A (left panel) or T1D-group-B (right panel). Dot size represents the absolute correlation coefficients and the colour scale indicates the correlation direction. Arrows indicate the mutual exclusive correlation patterns in T1D-group-A (n = 50) vs T1D-group-B (n = 191). Asterisk(s) within the dot indicate the significance of correlation p-values. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001; ns, not significant. memCD4, memory CD4+ cells; Mono., monocytes; EM: effector memory.