TABLE 3.
In vivo cardiac assessment using echocardiography and invasive hemodynamics. LVP, left ventricle peak pressure; LV EDP, left ventricle end diastolic pressure. Data is presented as mean ± SEM.
| Echocardiography | EPOfl/fl (n = 14) | EPOΔ/Δ (n = 23) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| M-Mode | |||
| Heart Rate (bpm) | 550 ± 6 | 553 ± 6 | 0.72 |
| Dimension Systole (mm) | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.0* | 0.004 |
| Dimension Diastole (mm) | 3.9 ± 0.0 | 3.8 ± 0.0 | 0.24 |
| Volume Systole (uL) | 22 ± 1 | 18 ± 1* | 0.01 |
| Volume Diastole (uL) | 65 ± 2 | 62 ± 2 | 0.25 |
| Stroke Volume (uL) | 43 ± 2 | 44 ± 1 | 0.70 |
| Ejection Fraction (%) | 66 ± 1 | 71 ± 1* | 0.009 |
| Fractional Shortening (%) | 36 ± 1 | 40 ± 1* | 0.009 |
| Cardiac Output (mL/min) | 24 ± 1 | 24 ± 1 | 0.78 |
| Wall Thickness Diastole (mm) | 0.85 ± 0.0 | 0.99 ± 0.0* | 0.0003 |
| EPOfl/fl (n = 8) | EPOΔ/Δ (n = 10) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| B-Mode | |||
| LV Chamber Length (mm) | 7.4 ± 0.1 | 7.0 ± 0.1* | 0.02 |
| Left Ventricle Hemodynamics | EPOfl/fl (n = 14) | EPOΔ/Δ (n = 18) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heart Rate (bpm) | 538 ± 7 | 543 ± 6 | 0.97 |
| LVP (mmHg) | 103 ± 2 | 108 ± 1* | 0.005 |
| LV EDP (mmHg) | 6 ± 1 | 6 ± 0 | 0.94 |
| Systolic Pressure (mmHg) | 98 ± 2 | 102 ± 2 | 0.11 |
| Diastole Pressure (mmHg) | 63 ± 2 | 67 ± 1 | 0.20 |
| Mean Arterial Pressure (mmHg) | 75 ± 2 | 79 ± 1 | 0.15 |
| dP/dt max (mmHg/s) | 9840 ± 155 | 11,387 ± 189* | <0.0001 |
| dP/dt min (mmHg/s) | −9337 ± 206 | −10336 ± 264* | 0.005 |
| dP/dt @ LVP 40 (mmHg/s) | 9297 ± 152 | 10,391 ± 178* | <0.0001 |
| Tau Logistic (ms) | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 0.35 |
Significance was considered when p < 0.05 compared to EPOfl/fl (determined by an unpaired, two-tailed t-test and shown using bolded values and "*").