Table 2.
Surgical referral and operative characteristics
| n (%)/median (IQR) | All patients (N = 62) | m-VA (n = 26) | c-VA (n = 36) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MR diagnosis to surgery, y (range) | 13.8 (5.4-24.8) | 10.8 (5.4-20.4) | 16.4 (5.4-27.6) | .339 |
| Surgical referral trigger | ||||
| Dyspnea/exercise tolerance | 28 (45.2) | 9 (34.6) | 19 (52.8) | .301 |
| MR severity progression | 13 (21) | 8 (30.8) | 5 (13.9) | |
| Palpitations | 13 (21) | 5 (19.2) | 8 (22.2) | |
| Worsening LV dimensions/EF | 8 (12.9) | 4 (15.4) | 4 (11.1) | |
| Operative indication | ||||
| ACC/AHA class I | 43 (69.4) | 16 (61.5) | 27 (75) | .260 |
| ACC/AHA class IIa | 19 (30.6) | 10 (38.5) | 9 (25) | |
| STS PROM, % | 0.42 (0.28-0.72) | 0.39 (0.24-0.74) | 0.43 (0.3-0.68) | .804 |
| DMR etiology | ||||
| Barlow—bileaflet | 42 (67.7) | 17 (65.4) | 25 (69.4) | .674 |
| Barlow—forme-fruste | 16 (25.8) | 7 (26.9) | 9 (25) | |
| Fibroelastic deficiency | 3 (4.8) | 2 (7.7) | 1 (2.8) | |
| Anterior leaflet prolapse | 1 (1.6) | 1 (2.8) | ||
| Flail (chordal rupture/elongation) | 36 (58.1) | 17 (65.4) | 19 (52.8) | .325 |
| Segments repaired, n (range) | 2 (1-6) | 3 (1-6) | 2 (1-5) | .526 |
| Repair complexity score | 3 (1-5) | 3 (1-6) | 2 (1-5) | .285 |
| Simple | 19 (30.6) | 7 (26.9) | 12 (33.3) | .824 |
| Intermediate | 26 (41.9) | 11 (42.3) | 15 (41.7) | |
| Complex | 17 (27.4) | 8 (30.8) | 9 (25) | |
| Mitral ring size, mm | 36 (31-34) | 36 (32-38) | 36 (34-38) | .514 |
| Mitral annuloplasty prosthesis | ||||
| Flexible band | 31 (50) | 13 (50) | 18 (50) | – |
| Remodeling ring | 31 (50) | 13 (50) | 18 (50) | |
| Concomitant procedures | ||||
| Tricuspid valve repair | 51 (82.3) | 23 (88.5) | 28 (77.8) | .281 |
| LAA exclusion | 16 (25.8) | 4 (15.4) | 12 (33.3) | .114 |
| AF cryoablation | 14 (22.6) | 3 (11.5) | 11 (30.6) | .079 |
| Cox-maze IV | 9 (64.3) | 2 (22.2) | 7 (77.8) | .926 |
| Box PVI | 5 (35.7) | 1 (20) | 4 (80) | |
| PFO closure | 9 (14.5) | 3 (11.5) | 6 (16.7) | .575 |
| AICD leads exchange | 2 (3.2) | – | 2 (5.6) | .226 |
| CPB, min | 118.5 (94-132) | 109 (87-131) | 120 (101-136.5) | .095 |
| Crossclamp, min | 88.5 (72-103) | 83 (67.8-104) | 95 (80.3-102.8) | .245 |
| ICU stay, d | 1.1 (0.93-2.08) | 1.02 (0.9-1.9) | 1.45 (0.93-2.9) | .166 |
| Hospital stay, d | 6.5 (5-9) | 7 (5-9) | 6 (5-8.5) | .629 |
| Discharge antiarrhythmic | ||||
| Beta-blocker | 36 (58.1) | 17 (65.4) | 19 (52.8) | .212 |
| Beta-blocker + amiodarone | 15 (24.2) | 7 (26.9) | 8 (22.2) | |
| Beta-blocker CI | 11 (17.7) | 2 (7.7) | 9 (25) |
IQR, Interquartile range; m-VA, minor ventricular arrhythmia; c-VA, complex ventricular arrhythmia; MR, mitral regurgitation; LV, left ventricle/-cular; EF, ejection fraction; ACC, American College of Cardiology; AHA, American Heart Association; STS PROM, Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk Of Mortality; DMR, degenerative mitral regurgitation LAA, left atrial appendage; AF, atrial fibrillation; PVI, pulmonary vein isolation. PFO, patent foramen ovale; AICD, automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; ICU, intensive care unit; CI, contraindication.