TABLE C1.

Concentration of TBBPA in human samples from non‐European countries.

Country year	Number of samples	Concentration (ng/g lipid)	Comments	Reference
Human milk
Japan 2005–2006	n = 9	Mean, median (range) (MB): 1.04, 0.72 (0.39–2.22)	–	Fujii, Nishimura, et al. (2014)
Japan 2008–2010	n = 64	Mean, median (range): 48, 3.2 (< 0.0–2200)	Detected in 97% of the samples analysed	Fujii et al. (2018)
Japan 2011–2013	n = 12	Mean (range): 0.0644 (0.00674–1.28) ng/mL	–	Akiyama et al. (2015)
Japan 2012–2013	n = 19	Mean (Range): 1.9 (< 0.018–8.7)	–	Nakao et al. (2015)
China 2011	n = 103	Mean, median (range): 0.41, 0.10 (< LOD‐12.46)	Detected in 53% of the samples	Shi et al. (2013)
China 2011	n = 29 pooled samples	Mean, median (range): 7.58, 1.21 (0.14–66.8)	Detected in all pools analysed	Shi et al. (2017a)
China 2014	n = 111 (from 37 mothers)	Mean, median (range): 5.59, 1.57 (< LOD‐42)	Detected in 64% of the samples analysed	Huang et al. (2020)
China 2018	n = 105	Mean, median (range): 0.761, 0.271 (< LOD–34.8)	Detected in 99% of the samples analysed	Zhao and Shi (2021)
USA 2004–2005	n = 43	Range: < 0.03–0.550	Detected in 35% of the samples	Carignan et al. (2012)
Serum
Republic of Korea NR	n = 26 Congenital hypothyroidism mother‐infant pairs n = 12 mother‐infant pairs w/o congenital hypothyroidism	Mean (range): With congenital hypothyroidism: Infants: 83 (< LOD–713) Mothers: 8.61 (< LOD–48.25) w/o congenital hypothyroidism: Infants: 72.5 (< LOD–457.4) Mothers: 10.7 (< LOD–74.0)	–	Kim and Oh (2014)
Japan 1989–1999 2010	n = 60 Adult males	Range: Years 1989–1999: < 50–950 pg/g ww Year 2010: < 50–420 pg/g ww	Detected in 28% of the samples analysed	Fujii, Harada, et al. (2014)
Japan 2006	n = 10 Adult females	Mean, median (range): 40.5, 1.0 (< LOQ–238) pg/g ww	–	Fujii, Nishimura, et al. (2014)
China 2016	n = 181 Pregnant women	Median (range): < LOD (< LOD–5.83) ng/mL	Detected in 30% of the samples analysed	Li et al. (2020)
USA 2009	n = 12 Male firefighters after exposure to fire event	ND	–	Shaw et al. (2013)
Adipose tissue
USA NR	n = 24 Adults with and w/o Alzheimer disease (post‐mortem)	Median (P25–P75): 0.67 (0.51–0.91) ng/g ww	–	Manivannan et al. (2019)
Liver
USA NR	n = 24 Adults with and w/o Alzheimer disease (post‐mortem)	Median (P25–P75): 1.85 (1.13–4.32) ng/g ww	–	Manivannan et al. (2019)
Urine
USA 2006–2010	n = 302 Women with breast cancer	ND	–	Ilozumba et al. (2022)
China NR	n = 10 adults from e‐waste area n = 10 adults from non e‐waste area	ND	–	Lin et al. (2020)
China 2020	n = 120 Wuxi population n = 121 Taishun population Males and females (3–86 years old)	ND Geometric mean: 0.122 ng/mL	– Detected in 4.2% of the samples analysed	Wei et al. (2022)
China 2020	n = 86 Chengdu population n = 104 Nantong population n = Shehong population	Mean (range): 4.41 (< 0.193–33.7) 0.140 (< 0.193–0.500) 0.135 (< 0.193–0.136)	Detected in 44.2% of the samples analysed Detected in 2.88% of the samples analysed Detected in 0.909% of the samples analysed	Xu, Hu, et al. (2022)
China 2013	n = 94 Individuals residing near a bisphenol AF manufacturing plant	ND	–	Yang et al. (2014)
China NR	n = 20 parent–child pairs	Average: Children: 0.171 μg/L Parents: 0.181 μg/L	Detected in 80% of the samples analysed in both groups	Zhang et al. (2016)
China NR	n = 1157 male and females general population (< 18–> 59 years old)	Mean (range): 0.04 (< 0.061–2.25) μg/L	Detected in 7.3% of the samples analysed	Huang et al. (2023)
Hair
Republic of Korea, Iran 2017	n = 24 Korea n = 15 Iran	Mean (range): Korea: 5.00 (ND–16.04) ng/g Iran: 0.23 (ND–1.08) ng/g	HBCDDs	Barghi et al. (2018)
China 2019–2020	n = 598 (362 females and 236 males, average age of 62.6 ± 11.9 years old)	Range: < LOD ~ 1299 ng/g Median: 1.86 ng/g Significant higher concentrations of TBBPA in female hair than in male hair	Detected in 75% of the samples analysed	Li et al. (2024)