TABLE 2.
Patient characteristics at the 5-month and 1-year research visits stratified by the presence of pre-existing airway diseases
| 5-month visit | 1-year visit | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Pre-existing airway disease# | n | No pre-existing airway disease¶ | p-value | n | Pre-existing airway disease+ | n | No pre-existing airway disease§ | p-value | |
| PROMS | ||||||||||
| GAD-7 total score | 552 | 6.7±6.1 | 1856 | 4.9±5.5 | 0.000 | 447 | 5.9±6.0 | 1503 | 4.8±5.5 | 0.001 |
| Anxiety (GAD-7 >8) | 552 | 190 (34.4) | 1856 | 424 (22.8) | 0.000 | 447 | 130 (29.1) | 1503 | 331 (22.0) | 0.002 |
| PHQ-9 total score | 550 | 9.0±6.9 | 1856 | 6.5±6.3 | 0.000 | 443 | 7.4±6.6 | 1504 | 6.1±6.3 | 0.000 |
| Depression (PHQ-9 ≥10) | 550 | 243 (44.2) | 1856 | 491 (26.5) | 0.000 | 443 | 138 (31.2) | 1504 | 371 (24.7) | 0.006 |
| PCL-5 total score | 552 | 20.2±18.9 | 1851 | 14.6±16.5 | 0.000 | 440 | 17.5±18.4 | 1497 | 13.3±16.2 | 0.000 |
| PTSD (PCL-5 ≥38) | 552 | 107 (19.4) | 1851 | 214 (11.6) | 0.000 | 440 | 74 (16.8) | 1497 | 147 (9.8) | 0.000 |
| Dyspnoea-12 | 540 | 10.2±9.7 | 1821 | 5.3±7.4 | 0.000 | 430 | 8.5±8.8 | 1462 | 4.9±7.2 | 0.000 |
| FACIT fatigue subscale score | 535 | 29.7±13.6 | 1791 | 36.1±12.6 | 0.000 | 402 | 32.7±13.2 | 1400 | 36.7±12.4 | 0.000 |
| Physical performance | ||||||||||
| SPPB total score | 539 | 9.2±2.7 | 1803 | 10.0±2.2 | 0.000 | 397 | 9.4±2.5 | 1397 | 10.2±2.1 | 0.000 |
| SPPB ≤10 (impaired mobility) | 539 | 321 (59.6) | 1803 | 875 (48.5) | 0.000 | 397 | 228 (57.4) | 1397 | 632 (45.2) | 0.000 |
| ISWT distance m | 422 | 364±249 | 1467 | 441±267 | 0.000 | 295 | 393±257 | 1104 | 456±267 | 0.000 |
| ISWT % predicted | 305 | 52.4±30.3 | 1032 | 58.7±30.0 | 0.001 | 226 | 54.0±30.8 | 796 | 60.8±30.3 | 0.003 |
| Frailty and cognition | ||||||||||
| Rockwood CFS score ≥5 | 541 | 65 (12.0) | 1743 | 70 (4.0) | 0.000 | 422 | 45 (10.7) | 1463 | 59 (4.0) | 0.000 |
| SARC-F total score | 541 | 2.8±2.5 | 1785 | 1.7±2.1 | 0.000 | 403 | 2.5±2.5 | 1405 | 1.7±2.1 | 0.000 |
| MoCA total score | 482 | 25.4±3.8 | 1616 | 25.7±3.4 | 0.074 | 379 | 26.3±3.3 | 1303 | 26.3±3.4 | 0.708 |
| Corrected MoCA total score | 482 | 25.8±3.8 | 1616 | 26.1±3.4 | 0.126 | 379 | 26.7±3.2 | 1303 | 26.6±3.3 | 0.443 |
| MoCA <23 | 482 | 85 (17.6) | 1616 | 236 (14.6) | 0.105 | 379 | 47 (12.4) | 1303 | 152 (11.7) | 0.696 |
| Corrected MoCA <23 | 482 | 74 (15.4) | 1616 | 205 (12.7) | 0.130 | 379 | 39 (10.3) | 1303 | 139 (10.7) | 0.833 |
| Lung physiology | ||||||||||
| FEV1 L | 366 | 2.47±0.77 | 1150 | 2.85±0.79 | 0.000 | 241 | 2.52±0.81 | 840 | 2.89±0.80 | 0.000 |
| FEV1 % predicted | 341 | 84.5±19.4 | 1098 | 91.7±17.8 | 0.000 | 231 | 86.5±21.2 | 820 | 93.2±17.4 | 0.000 |
| FEV1 % predicted <80% | 341 | 135 (39.6) | 1098 | 255 (23.2) | 0.000 | 231 | 84 (36.4) | 820 | 173 (21.1) | 0.000 |
| FVC L | 366 | 3.24±0.94 | 1150 | 3.55±1.03 | 0.000 | 241 | 3.33±0.98 | 840 | 3.61±1.01 | 0.000 |
| FVC % predicted | 341 | 87.2±17.3 | 1098 | 89.7±19.0 | 0.029 | 231 | 89.7±20.4 | 820 | 91.2±17.8 | 0.289 |
| FVC % predicted <80% | 341 | 116 (34.0) | 1098 | 311 (28.3) | 0.043 | 231 | 78 (33.8) | 820 | 188 (22.8) | 0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC | 366 | 0.77±0.12 | 1150 | 0.81±0.09 | 0.000 | 241 | 0.77±0.19 | 840 | 0.81±0.11 | 0.000 |
| FEV1/FVC <0.7 | 341 | 80 (23.5) | 1098 | 83 (7.6) | 0.000 | 241 | 55 (22.8) | 840 | 63 (7.5) | 0.000 |
| T LCO | 122 | 7.08±2.13 | 389 | 7.53±2.38 | 0.062 | 76 | 7.62±2.33 | 264 | 7.69±2.36 | 0.832 |
| TLCO % predicted | 121 | 90.7±26.8 | 378 | 91.9±32.5 | 0.718 | 76 | 96.8±28.1 | 261 | 95.0±29.7 | 0.628 |
| TLCO % predicted <80% | 121 | 45 (37.2) | 378 | 130 (34.4) | 0.574 | 76 | 18 (23.7) | 261 | 60 (23.0) | 0.899 |
| K CO | 127 | 1.49±0.28) | 393 | 1.45±0.32) | 0.214 | 80 | 1.46±0.28) | 273 | 1.44±0.27) | 0.454 |
| KCO % predicted | 127 | 102.3±18.0 | 380 | 100.5±20.9 | 0.387 | 80 | 101.9±18.2 | 270 | 100.0±17.3 | 0.405 |
| KCO % predicted <80% | 127 | 9 (7.1) | 380 | 36 (9.5) | 0.413 | 80 | 9 (11.3) | 270 | 24 (8.9) | 0.526 |
| Biochemical tests | ||||||||||
| Haemoglobin | 501 | 139.6±15.0 | 1640 | 141.5±15.4 | 0.012 | 383 | 139.6±15.7 | 1280 | 141.6±14.8 | 0.024 |
| Neutrophils | 500 | 4.5±1.8 | 1635 | 4.0±1.5 | 0.000 | 381 | 4.6±2.2 | 1275 | 4.0±1.5 | 0.000 |
| Eosinophils | 495 | 0.23±0.22 | 1626 | 0.18±0.17 | 0.000 | 381 | 0.22±0.18 | 1275 | 0.19±0.18 | 0.001 |
| BNP/Pro-NT-BNP above threshold | 378 | 25 (6.6) | 1197 | 76 (6.4) | 0.867 | 237 | 23 (9.7) | 824 | 68 (8.3) | 0.482 |
| HbA1C ≥6.0 | 394 | 150 (38.1) | 1236 | 427 (34.6) | 0.203 | 279 | 107 (38.4) | 1008 | 355 (35.2) | 0.334 |
| eGFR <60 (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 488 | 57 (11.7) | 1581 | 155 (9.8) | 0.232 | 358 | 46 (12.9) | 1227 | 153 (12.5) | 0.853 |
| Systemic inflammation | ||||||||||
| CRP mg·L−1 | 472 | 6.2±9.4 | 1580 | 5.2±11.2 | 0.074 | 374 | 5.8±6.4 | 1260 | 4.9±7.0 | 0.021 |
| CRP >5 mg·L−1 | 472 | 146 (30.9) | 1580 | 348 (22.0) | 0.000 | 374 | 114 (30.5) | 1260 | 278 (22.1) | 0.001 |
| CRP ≥10 mg·L−1 | 472 | 73 (15.5) | 1580 | 155 (9.8) | 0.001 | 374 | 53 (14.2) | 1260 | 120 (9.5) | 0.011 |
Data are presented as n (%) or mean±sd. Percentages are calculated by category after exclusion of missing data for that variable. Threshold of BNP ≥100 ng·L−1 or NT-BNP ≥400 ng·L−1. Corrected MoCA adjusted for level of education. One was subtracted from the total number of comorbidities in the airways group. See Table SM1 for further descriptions of variables. PROMs: patient reported outcome measures; GAD7: Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PCL-5: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist; FACIT fatigue: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue Scale; SPPB: short physical performance battery; ISWT: incremental shuttle walk test; CFS: Clinical Frailty Scale; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; TLCO: transfer capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; KCO: carbon monoxide transfer coefficient; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; NT-BNP: N-terminal BNP; HbA1C: glycated haemoglobin; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; CRP: C-reactive protein. #: n=595; ¶: n=1975; +: n=479; §: n=1621.