Table 13.
Handwashing and beliefs and motivations about COVID‐19.
| Study ID | Determinant | Effect size (CI) | n |
|---|---|---|---|
| Al‐Shammary (2021) | Misconceptions about COVID‐19 |
Level of misconceptions was higher in those who did not engage in hand hygiene procedures: M(SD) yes = 8.01 (2.43), no = 9.09 (3.98) Cohen's d = 0.33 OR* = 1.82 |
Yes: 366, No: 34 |
| Souliotis (2021) |
Perceiving the virus to be airborne neutral vs. agree disagree vs. agree Perception that the virus is similar to common flu neutral vs. agree disagree vs. agree Perception that the virus may be asymptomatic neutral vs. agree disagree vs. agree Perception that the virus is dangerous for older people and for those with underlying health problems neutral vs. agree disagree vs agree Perceived control ‘the virus is out of control’ neutral vs. agree disagree vs. agree |
AORs: 0.83 (0.61–1.12) 0.61 (0.48–0.78) 1.33 (0.92–1.94) 1.65 (1.22–2.24) 0.75 (0.4–1.38) 0.71 (0.22–2.28) 0.83 (0.62–1.12) 1.12 (0.75–1.66) 0.95 (0.67–1.34) 0.63 (0.46–0.88) |
923 |
| Apanga (2021) | No need for preventive measures, COVID‐19 is not deadly | AOR: 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 624 |
| Wang (2021) | COVID‐19 will be under control in the coming month | AOR: 1.03 (0.91–1.18) | 15428 |
| Zewude et al. (2021) |
Belief that COVID exists in the country Belief that COVID causes severe illness Think can be infected by covid |
AOR: 1.60 (0.67–3.84) AOR: 0.71 (0.35–1.42) AOR: 0.68 (0.35–1.32) |
379 |
| Van den Broek Altenburg (2021) |
Motivated to adhere to handwashing guidelines by Protect family Protect public Conformity Family/friends recommend Physician recommendation Politician recommendation Legal restrictions Self‐protection |
Multiple regression coefficients: 0.516 0.207 −0.139 −0.176 0.107 0.135 0.075 0.24 |
4311 |
| Norman (2020) | Instrumental attitude | r = 0.3 | 477 |
| Kowalski (2020a) Study 1 | Motivation for adherence: internal, e.g., to protect my and/or others health | r = 0.22 | 840 |
| Stojanovic (2021) |
Health concerns about oneself Health concerns about others |
Multiple regression coefficients: −0.333 (−0.703 to 0.036) 0.831 (0.376 to 1.286) |
1332 |
| Dixon et al. (2022) |
Your COVID‐19 symptoms will last a long time You could get COVID‐19 again beliefs about Belief about cause (my not wearing a face covering) Belief about cause (other people not keeping their distance) |
Multiple regression coefficients: 0.027 0.064 0.028 0.074 |
2969 |
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
p < 0.05.