Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of mechanically ventilated patients in the ICUs of referral hospitals in Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia, 2023 (n = 404).
| Variables | Categories | Frequency (N = 404) | Percent (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Main admission Diagnosis | Respiratory | 136 | 33.66 |
| Cardiovascular | 40 | 9.9 | |
| Neurologic | 80 | 19.8 | |
| Renal | 21 | 5.2 | |
| Obstetric and gynecologic | 26 | 6.44 | |
| Surgical (non-trauma) | 31 | 7.67 | |
| Trauma | 70 | 17.33 | |
| Presence of comorbidity | No | 220 | 54.46 |
| Yes | 184 | 45.54 | |
| Type of comorbidity (N = 184) | Chronic kidney disease | 31 | 16.8 |
| Asthma | 22 | 11.9 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 33 | 17.9 | |
| Hypertension | 50 | 27.2 | |
| COPD | 9 | 4.9 | |
| CHF | 35 | 19 | |
| HIV/AIDS | 33 | 17.9 | |
| Stroke | 21 | 11.4 | |
| Others* | 9 | 4.9 | |
| GCS at ICU admission | ≤8/7 T | 174 | 43.07 |
| 9–12/≥8 T | 92 | 22.77 | |
| 13–15 | 138 | 34.16 | |
| Baseline serum albumin level | >2 g/dL | 313 | 77.48 |
| ≤2 g/dL | 91 | 22.52 | |
| Baseline Hemoglobin level | ≤7 | 38 | 9.41 |
| 7.1–10 | 70 | 17.33 | |
| 10.1–13.5 | 198 | 49 | |
| ≥13.5 | 98 | 24.26 | |
| Blood pressure at initiation of MV | Hypotensive | 129 | 31.93 |
| Hypertensive | 84 | 20.8 | |
| Normal | 191 | 47.27 | |
| Heart rate at initiation of MV | Tachycardia | 251 | 62.13 |
| Bradycardia | 6 | 1.48 | |
| Normal | 147 | 36.39 | |
| Respiratory rate at initiation of MV | Tachypnea | 220 | 54.46 |
| Bradypnea | 5 | 1.24 | |
| Normal | 179 | 44.3 | |
| Temperature at initiation of MV | Normothermia | 226 | 55.94 |
| Hypothermia | 43 | 10.64 | |
| Hyperthermia | 135 | 33.42 | |
| Oxygen saturation at initiation of MV | Non-hypoxic | 186 | 46.04 |
| Hypoxic | 218 | 53.96 | |
| Indication for MV | Neurologic/coma/airway protection | 145 | 35.9 |
| Neuromuscular diseases | 40 | 9.9 | |
| Respiratory failure | 183 | 45.3 | |
| Cardiovascular failure/shock | 36 | 8.9 | |
| Type of respiratory failure (N = 183) | Type 1 | 152 | 83.06 |
| Type 2 | 31 | 16.94 | |
| Organ failure presence | No | 75 | 18.56 |
| Yes | 329 | 81.44 | |
| Type of organ failure (N = 329) | Renal failure | 90 | 27.35 |
| Respiratory failure | 202 | 61.4 | |
| Neurologic failure | 140 | 42.5 | |
| Cardiovascular failure | 133 | 40.4 | |
| Hematologic failure | 34 | 10.3 | |
| Hepatic failure | 6 | 1.8 | |
| Infectious failure | 12 | 3.65 | |
| MODS | No | 194 | 48.02 |
| Yes | 210 | 51.98 | |
| Sepsis | No | 242 | 59.9 |
| Yes | 162 | 40.1 | |
| Complication developed | No | 317 | 78.47 |
| Yes | 87 | 21.53 | |
| Type of complication (N = 87) | VAP | 59 | 67.8 |
| Barotrauma | 8 | 9.2 | |
| Pulmonary embolism | 3 | 3.4 | |
| ARDS | 13 | 14.9 | |
| Post-extubation stridor | 5 | 5.7 |
Others*- Chronic liver disease, hepatitis, valvular heart disease, and epilepsy.