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. 2024 Jul 15;19(7):e0305724. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305724

Table 1. Descriptive statistics.

Mean SD Min Max Definition
debt1 0,18 0,18 0,00 0,65 Total interest-bearing debt divided by total assets
debt2 0,34 0,29 0,00 0,90 Total interest-bearing debt divided by total liabilities
shortdebt 0,12 0,15 0,00 0,57 Short-term debt divided by total assets
longdebt 0,06 0,11 0,00 0,51 Long-term debt divided by total assets
bankdebt 0,17 0,18 0,00 0,64 Bank debt divided by total assets
otherdebt 0,01 0,03 0,00 0,22 Other debt divided by total assets
aunc 0,28 0,37 0,11 2,14 Banking uncertainty, estimated by the dispersion of asset shocks
func 0,39 0,47 0,10 2,25 Banking uncertainty, estimated by the dispersion of fund shocks
runc 0,01 0,00 0,00 0,01 Banking uncertainty, estimated by the dispersion of return shocks
size 27,15 1,59 23,74 31,52 Natural logarithm of total assets
sales 0,27 0,96 -0,76 7,41 Sales growth rate
ppe 0,18 0,18 0,00 0,79 Tangible fixed assets divided by total assets
roa 0,06 0,07 -0,12 0,33 Net return on assets
sof 0,25 0,44 0,00 1,00 A dummy variable that equals 1 when the state possesses more than 50% of the shares of the firms, and 0 otherwise (in line with the Law on Enterprises in Vietnam)
refinance 0,07 0,03 0,04 0,15 Refinancing rates set up by the central bank
gdp 0,06 0,02 0,03 0,08 GDP growth rate