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. 2024 Jul 15;19(7):e0305724. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305724

Table 3. Banking uncertainty and corporate debt: Baseline GMM regression results.

(1) (2) (3) (4)
debt1 debt1 debt2 debt2
aunc -0.160*** -0.277***
(0.011) (0.017)
func -0.053*** -0.095***
(0.004) (0.006)
size 0.038*** 0.037*** 0.057*** 0.056***
(0.003) (0.003) (0.004) (0.004)
sales 0.002** 0.003** 0.003 0.003
(0.001) (0.001) (0.002) (0.002)
ppe 0.139*** 0.136*** 0.319*** 0.316***
(0.019) (0.019) (0.028) (0.028)
roa -0.514*** -0.500*** -0.594*** -0.565***
(0.038) (0.038) (0.062) (0.062)
sof -0.008 -0.011 -0.053*** -0.056***
(0.008) (0.008) (0.012) (0.012)
refinance 0.465*** 0.419*** 0.662*** 0.539***
(0.044) (0.046) (0.071) (0.075)
gdp 0.723*** 0.905*** 1.257*** 1.585***
(0.083) (0.085) (0.156) (0.159)
lagged DV -0.048*** -0.041** -0.048*** -0.040**
(0.017) (0.017) (0.017) (0.017)
Observations 6,969 6,969 6,969 6,969
Firms 623 623 623 623
Instruments 120 120 120 120
AR(1) test 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
AR(2) test 0.462 0.128 0.114 0.123
Hansen test 0.520 0.203 0.245 0.412

Notes: Dependent variables (DV) are shown at the top.

* p<0.1;

** p<0.05;

*** p<0.01.

Standard errors are in parentheses.