Table 3. Banking uncertainty and corporate debt: Baseline GMM regression results.
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
debt1 | debt1 | debt2 | debt2 | |
aunc | -0.160*** | -0.277*** | ||
(0.011) | (0.017) | |||
func | -0.053*** | -0.095*** | ||
(0.004) | (0.006) | |||
size | 0.038*** | 0.037*** | 0.057*** | 0.056*** |
(0.003) | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.004) | |
sales | 0.002** | 0.003** | 0.003 | 0.003 |
(0.001) | (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.002) | |
ppe | 0.139*** | 0.136*** | 0.319*** | 0.316*** |
(0.019) | (0.019) | (0.028) | (0.028) | |
roa | -0.514*** | -0.500*** | -0.594*** | -0.565*** |
(0.038) | (0.038) | (0.062) | (0.062) | |
sof | -0.008 | -0.011 | -0.053*** | -0.056*** |
(0.008) | (0.008) | (0.012) | (0.012) | |
refinance | 0.465*** | 0.419*** | 0.662*** | 0.539*** |
(0.044) | (0.046) | (0.071) | (0.075) | |
gdp | 0.723*** | 0.905*** | 1.257*** | 1.585*** |
(0.083) | (0.085) | (0.156) | (0.159) | |
lagged DV | -0.048*** | -0.041** | -0.048*** | -0.040** |
(0.017) | (0.017) | (0.017) | (0.017) | |
Observations | 6,969 | 6,969 | 6,969 | 6,969 |
Firms | 623 | 623 | 623 | 623 |
Instruments | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 |
AR(1) test | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
AR(2) test | 0.462 | 0.128 | 0.114 | 0.123 |
Hansen test | 0.520 | 0.203 | 0.245 | 0.412 |
Notes: Dependent variables (DV) are shown at the top.
* p<0.1;
** p<0.05;
*** p<0.01.
Standard errors are in parentheses.